MADZINE

Overview

All-in-one rhythm workstation combining internal swing clock, 3-track Euclidean sequencer with per-track envelope generation, and a 5-stage CV sequencer with custom pattern support. Features chain outputs for chained envelope sequences and flexible clock division/multiplication per track.

Signal Flow

[Internal Clock] → [Swing Processing] → [Per-Track Div/Mult] → [Euclidean Pattern] → [Envelope Generator] → Trigger Outputs. CV sequencer advances on selected clock source (default: LFO internal clock).

Euclidean Rhythm

• Principle: Distributes hits as evenly as possible across the pattern length
• FILL: Determines how many hits in the pattern (0-100%). Higher fill = more hits.
• SHIFT: Rotates the pattern start point without changing rhythm density (configurable via right-click menu, 0-4 steps)
• Recalculation: Pattern updates immediately when FILL, LEN, or SHIFT changes

Clock Section

• Frequency: Internal clock frequency (0.125-128 Hz, exponential, default: ~7 Hz). Parameter range -3 to 7, displayed as 2^param Hz.
• Swing: Swing amount via phase offset (0-1, default: 0). Display shows degrees: 180 to 90. Higher values create stronger shuffle feel by shifting the second pulse closer to the next beat.
• Reset (input): Trigger input that resets all tracks. Rising edge detection at 2.0V threshold.
• Clock Source: Selects what advances the CV sequencer. 7 options: LFO (internal, default), T1/T2/T3 (track triggers), 12/23/1213 (chain outputs).

Per-Track Controls (T1, T2, T3)

• T1 Fill / T2 Fill / T3 Fill: Rhythm density per track (0-100%, default: 100% for all tracks). Converted to integer hit count based on pattern length.
• T1 Div/Mult / T2 Div/Mult / T3 Div/Mult: Clock division/multiplication per track (-3 to +3, default: 0 = 1x). Values: -3:1/4x, -2:1/3x, -1:1/2x, 0:1x, +1:2x, +2:3x, +3:4x. Snap-enabled.
• Length: Global pattern length (1-48 steps, default: 16, snap). Shared across all tracks. Clamped to 1-32 in process.
• Decay: Envelope decay parameter (0-1, default: 0.3). Non-linear mapping using power curve for natural-sounding decay.

Envelope Generator (per track)

• Type: AD (Attack-Decay) envelope triggered on each Euclidean hit
• Attack Time: Configurable via right-click menu (0.5-20ms, default: 6ms)
• Decay Time: Controlled by DECAY knob (0-1). Uses non-linear power mapping: sqrtDecay = decay^0.33, mapped to 0-0.8, then 10^((mapped-0.8)*5) seconds. Range approximately 0.01-1s.
• Curve: Decay curve shape derived from DECAY parameter, ranging -0.8 to -0.45
• Output Voltage: 0V to 10V unipolar envelope
• Retrigger: New trigger restarts envelope from attack phase

CV Sequencer

• K1: Voltage knob 1 (-10V to +10V, default: 0V)
• K2: Voltage knob 2 (-10V to +10V, default: 2V)
• K3: Voltage knob 3 (-10V to +10V, default: 4V)
• K4: Voltage knob 4 (-10V to +10V, default: 6V)
• K5: Voltage knob 5 (-10V to +10V, default: 8V)
• Density: Controls how many knobs are active (2-5 knobs). 0-0.2: 2 knobs, 0.2-0.4: 3, 0.4-0.6: 4, 0.6-1.0: 5. Default: 0.5 (4 knobs).
• Length: Same as global pattern length (1-48 steps). The CV sequencer wraps at this length.
• Clock Source: Default is LFO (internal clock). Selectable via CLK SRC button.

CV Sequencer Modes

• Mode Sequential (Red): Steps through K1->K2->...->Kn in order based on active knob count, wrapping at Length
• Mode Custom (Green, default): Follows a user-defined pattern set via the right-click menu. Default is a 32-step phasing pattern. Enter patterns like "12312345" where numbers 1-5 represent K1-K5 knobs.
• Mode Jump (Blue): Follows a fixed 5-step pattern cycling K1->K3->K5->K2->K4, creating non-sequential melodic intervals.

CHAOS Parameter

• Chaos: Randomization amount (0-100%, default: 0%)
• Randomly replaces steps with different K knob values. Higher chaos = more random steps.
• When Chaos exceeds 50%, random steps may select knobs outside the Density range (e.g., K4/K5 even when Density only shows K1-K3)
• Applies uniformly to all modes (Sequential, Custom, Jump)

Chain Outputs

• CHAIN 12: Chained envelope sequence of T1 and T2. Plays T1 envelope for one cycle, then T2, repeating.
• CHAIN 23: Chained envelope sequence of T2 and T3. Plays T2 for one cycle, then T3, repeating.
• CHAIN 123: Chained envelope sequence following pattern T1->T2->T1->T3, creating a weighted rotation.
• Output: Outputs the current active track's envelope value (0-10V)

Outputs

• Clock: Master clock output (1ms pulse, post-swing)
• T1 Trigger: Track 1 envelope output (0-10V)
• T2 Trigger: Track 2 envelope output (0-10V)
• T3 Trigger: Track 3 envelope output (0-10V)
• Chain 1+2: Chain 1+2 envelope output (0-10V)
• Chain 2+3: Chain 2+3 envelope output (0-10V)
• Chain 1+2+3: Chain 1+2+1+3 envelope output (0-10V)
• CV: CV sequencer voltage output (-10V to +10V)
• Trigger: CV sequencer trigger output (10ms pulse, fires when CV value changes)

Technical Specifications

• Internal clock: 0.125-128 Hz (exponential, param range -3 to 7)
• Reset input: Rising edge detection at 2.0V threshold
• Pattern length: 1-48 steps (param), clamped to 1-32 in process
• Clock div/mult: 1/4x to 4x per track (-3 to +3)
• Clock output: 10V, 1ms pulse width
• Trigger output: 10V, 10ms pulse width
• Envelope output: 0-10V unipolar
• CV output: -10V to +10V
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Module width: 8HP

Right-Click Menu

• Custom Pattern: Define the knob sequence for Custom mode. Enter a string of digits 1-5 (e.g., "12312345"). Each digit selects which K knob to use at that step.
• Attack Time: Per-module envelope attack time (0.5-20ms, default: 6ms). Affects all three tracks.
• Track 1 Shift: Euclidean pattern rotation for T1 track (0-4 steps)
• Track 2 Shift: Euclidean pattern rotation for T2 track (0-4 steps)
• Track 3 Shift: Euclidean pattern rotation for T3 track (0-4 steps)
• Mode: Pattern style selector. Click to cycle: Sequential (Red LED), Custom (Green LED), Jump (Blue LED).
• T1 Div/Mult: Track 1 clock division/multiplication. Range: 1/4x to 4x (-3 to +3). Divides or multiplies the incoming clock for Track 1.
• T2 Div/Mult: Track 2 clock division/multiplication. Range: 1/4x to 4x (-3 to +3). Divides or multiplies the incoming clock for Track 2.
• T3 Div/Mult: Track 3 clock division/multiplication. Range: 1/4x to 4x (-3 to +3). Divides or multiplies the incoming clock for Track 3.
• Reset: Reset trigger input. Resets all track step counters to 0 on rising edge.

Overview

Advanced multi-channel sequencer combining swing clock generation, 3-track Euclidean rhythm generator, and three independent pattern-based CV sequencers. Extended version of MADDY with additional CV channels, chain sequencing, and Clock CV input.

Clock Section

• Frequency: Internal clock frequency (0.125-128 Hz, exponential). Range -3 to 7, displayed as 2^param Hz. Default: ~7 Hz.
• Swing: Swing amount via phase offset (0-1, default: 0). Display shows degrees: 180 to 90. Higher values create stronger shuffle feel.
• Clock CV Attenuverter: Attenuverter for Clock CV input (-1 to +1, default: 0). Scales the incoming CV before modulating the clock frequency.
• Clock CV (input): CV input for clock frequency modulation (+-10V).
• Manual Reset: Button to reset all tracks and sequencers to initial state.
• Ch1 Clock Source: Selects what advances the main CV sequencer (Ch1). 7 options: LFO, T1, T2, T3, 12, 23, 1213. Default: 1 (T1).

Global Controls

• Length: Global pattern length (1-48 steps, default: 32, snap). Shared across all rhythm tracks and CV sequencers. Clamped to 1-48 in process.
• Decay: Envelope decay parameter (0-1, default: 0.3). Non-linear mapping using power curve for natural-sounding decay. Shared across all tracks.

Per-Track Controls (T1, T2, T3)

• T1 Fill: Track 1 rhythm density (0-100%, default: 100%). Converted to integer hit count based on pattern length.
• T1 Div/Mult: Track 1 clock division/multiplication (-3 to +3, default: 0 = 1x). Snap-enabled.
• T2 Fill: Track 2 rhythm density (0-100%, default: 100%).
• T2 Div/Mult: Track 2 clock division/multiplication (-3 to +3, default: 0 = 1x). Snap-enabled.
• T3 Fill: Track 3 rhythm density (0-100%, default: 100%).
• T3 Div/Mult: Track 3 clock division/multiplication (-3 to +3, default: 0 = 1x). Snap-enabled.

CV Sequencer (Ch1)

• K1: Voltage knob 1 (-10V to +10V, default: 0V)
• K2: Voltage knob 2 (-10V to +10V, default: 2V)
• K3: Voltage knob 3 (-10V to +10V, default: 4V)
• K4: Voltage knob 4 (-10V to +10V, default: 6V)
• K5: Voltage knob 5 (-10V to +10V, default: 8V)
• Ch1 Mode: Pattern mode (0-5, default: 1 = Custom). 0: Sequential, 1: Custom, 2: Jump, 3: Rev Sequential, 4: Rev Custom, 5: Rev Jump.
• Density: Controls the number of active K knobs (0-1, default: 0.5 = 4 knobs). 0-0.2: 2, 0.2-0.4: 3, 0.4-0.6: 4, 0.6-1.0: 5.
• Chaos: Randomization amount (0-100%, default: 0%). >50% selects knobs outside DENSITY range.

CV Sequencer Modes

• Sequential: Cycles K1-K5 in order, uses all 5 knobs regardless of DENSITY
• Custom: User-defined pattern via right-click menu. Default: 32-step phasing pattern. DENSITY controls active knob count.
• Jump: Fixed pattern K1->K3->K5->K2->K4
• Rev Sequential / Rev Custom / Rev Jump: Reverse variants of the above modes

Ch2 CV Sequencer

• Ch2 Clock Source: Clock source for Ch2 (0-6, default: 2 = T2). Same options as Ch1.
• Ch2 Mode: Pattern mode for Ch2 (0-5, default: 1 = Custom). Same modes as Ch1.
• Ch2 Density: Active knob count for Ch2 (0-1, default: 0.5).
• Ch2 CVD Time/Attenuation: CV delay time/attenuation for Ch2 (0-1, default: 0). When Ch2 CV input is connected, attenuates the external CV signal.
• Ch2 Step Delay: Step delay for Ch2 (0-5, default: 0, snap). Delays Ch2 output by N steps, creating canon/echo effects.
• Ch2 CV (input): External CV input for Ch2.
• Ch2 CV (output): Ch2 CV sequencer voltage output (-10V to +10V).
• Ch2 Trigger (output): Ch2 trigger output (fires when CV value changes).

Ch3 CV Sequencer

• Ch3 Clock Source: Clock source for Ch3 (0-6, default: 3 = T3). Same options as Ch1.
• Ch3 Mode: Pattern mode for Ch3 (0-5, default: 1 = Custom). Same modes as Ch1.
• Ch3 Density: Active knob count for Ch3 (0-1, default: 0.5).
• Ch3 CVD Time/Attenuation: CV delay time/attenuation for Ch3 (0-1, default: 0). When Ch3 CV input is connected, attenuates the external CV signal.
• Ch3 Step Delay: Step delay for Ch3 (0-5, default: 0, snap). Delays Ch3 output by N steps.
• Ch3 CV (input): External CV input for Ch3.
• Ch3 CV (output): Ch3 CV sequencer voltage output (-10V to +10V).
• Ch3 Trigger (output): Ch3 trigger output (fires when CV value changes).

Outputs

• Clock: Master clock output (1ms pulse, post-swing)
• Reset: Reset output pulse (generated on manual/auto reset)
• T1 Trigger: Track 1 envelope output (0-10V)
• T2 Trigger: Track 2 envelope output (0-10V)
• T3 Trigger: Track 3 envelope output (0-10V)
• Chain 1+2: Chain 1+2 envelope output (0-10V)
• Chain 2+3: Chain 2+3 envelope output (0-10V)
• Chain 1+2+3: Chain 1+2+1+3 envelope output (0-10V)
• CV: Ch1 CV sequencer voltage output (-10V to +10V)
• Trigger: Ch1 trigger output (fires when CV value changes)

Technical Specifications

• Module width: 12HP
• Internal clock: 0.125-128 Hz (exponential, param range -3 to 7)
• Pattern length: 1-48 steps
• Clock div/mult: 1/4x to 4x per track (-3 to +3)
• Clock output: 10V, 1ms pulse width
• CV output range: +/-10V
• Envelope output: 0-10V
• Processing: 32-bit floating point

Right-Click Menu

• Panel Theme: Light / Dark panel appearance
• Attack Time: Envelope attack time (0.5-20ms, default: 6ms). Affects all three tracks.
• Track Shift: Euclidean pattern rotation for each track (0-4 steps)
• Custom Pattern: Define knob sequence for Custom mode. Enter a string of numbers 1-5 (e.g., "12312345"). Each number selects which K knob to use for that step.

Overview

NIGOQ is a complex oscillator inspired by Buchla designs. It features two oscillators working in parallel: MOD (modulation source) and FINAL (carrier/main voice). The MOD oscillator provides modulation signals that shape the FINAL oscillator's timbre through FM, wavefolding, and rectification. An integrated AD envelope makes it a self-contained synthesizer voice.

Architecture

Unlike traditional signal chains, NIGOQ uses a parallel modulation architecture:

• MOD Oscillator: Runs independently and provides modulation signals
• FINAL Signal Path: FINAL Oscillator → Wavefolding → Rectification → LPF → VCA → Output
• Modulation Routing: MOD simultaneously controls FM amount, TM (timbre/fold depth), and RECT modulation
• SYNC: When enabled, MOD oscillator resets its phase when FINAL completes a cycle, locking MOD to FINAL's frequency for harmonic timbres
• BASS: Adds unprocessed sine wave from FINAL to the output for low-end weight

MOD Oscillator

• MOD FREQ: Frequency from 0.001Hz (slow LFO) to 6kHz (audio rate). Use as LFO for evolving textures or at audio rate for FM timbres.
• WAVE: Smoothly morphs through waveforms. Turn clockwise: Sine → Triangle → Sawtooth → Pulse (wide to narrow).
• MOD 1V/OCT: Pitch tracking input. Connect to play MOD at musical intervals.
• MOD FM IN: External signal to modulate MOD's frequency. Attenuator controls depth.
• EXT MOD IN: Replace internal MOD with any external signal for custom modulation sources.

FINAL Oscillator

• FINAL FREQ: Main pitch from 20Hz to 8kHz. Default knob position 0.3 (~121Hz).
• FINAL 1V/OCT: Primary pitch input for playing melodies.
• FINAL FM IN: External FM source with attenuator. Independent from internal MOD→FINAL FM.
• EXT FINAL IN: Replace internal FINAL with external audio. Useful for processing other sound sources through the waveshaping chain.
• SYNC: Off = independent oscillators. Soft = gentle phase correction. Hard = full phase reset. Sync locks MOD to FINAL's cycle.

FM Section

• FM: Linear FM Index (0-4, default: 0.2). Controls how much MOD affects FINAL's pitch. Through-zero FM allows the frequency to go negative, creating the characteristic metallic, bell-like timbres of FM synthesis.
• FM CV: External control of FM depth with attenuator.

Waveshaping Section

• FOLD: Wavefolding adds harmonics by "folding" the waveform back on itself when it exceeds a threshold. Higher settings create increasingly complex, buzzy overtones.
• TM (Timbre Modulation): MOD signal dynamically controls the fold amount. Creates evolving, animated timbres as MOD sweeps the fold depth.
• RECTIFY: Asymmetric rectification progressively removes negative portions of the waveform. At 50%, negative values are halved. At 100%, full half-wave rectification. Adds odd harmonics and changes the tonal character. Automatic DC blocking prevents speaker damage.

Filter & Output

• LPF: 12dB/octave lowpass filter. Range 10Hz to 20kHz. Tames harsh harmonics from waveshaping or creates muffled textures.
• LPF CV: External cutoff control for filter sweeps.
• BASS: Blends clean sine wave (at FINAL's pitch) into the output. Adds fundamental weight underneath complex harmonics. Soft saturation prevents harsh clipping.

Envelope

• DECAY: AD envelope with fixed 10ms attack for punchy transients. First half of knob: short decays (0-300ms). Second half: longer decays (300ms-3s). At maximum: Drone mode keeps the envelope fully open.
• TRIG: Trigger input. Any signal crossing the threshold starts the envelope. Retriggerable for repeated notes.

Outputs

• Modulation Signal: Raw modulation oscillator output (0-10V). Useful for modulating other modules.
• Final Sine: Clean sine wave at FINAL's pitch (±5V). Unaffected by waveshaping.
• Final Output: Main output with all processing applied (±5V).
• All outputs pass through the envelope VCA.

Oscilloscope Display

• Top trace: MOD oscillator waveform
• Bottom trace: FINAL output waveform
• Helps visualize how MOD shapes the FINAL output in real-time

Technical Specifications

• MOD frequency: 0.001Hz - 6kHz
• FINAL frequency: 20Hz - 8kHz
• LPF cutoff: 10Hz - 20kHz, 12dB/octave
• Envelope: 10ms attack, 0-3s decay, drone mode
• Oversampling: 2x (default) for reduced aliasing
• Module width: 12HP

Right-Click Menu

• Panel Theme: Light / Dark panel appearance
• 2x Oversample: Toggle oversampling. ON reduces aliasing, OFF saves CPU.
• Randomize Amount: How much parameters change when randomizing (0-100%).
• Randomize Glide Time: How smoothly parameters morph during randomization.
• Exclude FINAL_FREQ from Random: Preserve pitch when randomizing (default: ON).
• Exclude DECAY from Random: Preserve envelope time when randomizing.

Parameter Reference

• Modulation Frequency: MOD oscillator frequency 0.001Hz-6kHz (exponential). Default knob: 0.25 (~8Hz).
• Final Frequency: FINAL oscillator pitch 20Hz-8kHz (exponential). Default knob: 0.3 (~121Hz).
• LPF Cutoff: 12dB/oct lowpass filter cutoff 10Hz-20kHz (exponential). Default: ~3kHz.
• Rectify Amount: Asymmetric rectification 0-100% (default: 15%). Removes negative waveform portions.
• Wavefolding: Wavefolding amount 0-100% (default: 25%). Adds harmonics by folding waveform.
• Modulation Wave Shape: MOD waveform morph. Sine-Triangle-Saw-Pulse(wide to narrow). Default: 0.15.
• FM CV Attenuator: Attenuator for FM Amount CV input 0-100% (default: 70%).
• TM CV Attenuator: Attenuator for TM (Timbre Mod) CV input 0-100% (default: 70%).
• RECT CV Attenuator: Attenuator for Rectify CV input 0-100% (default: 70%).
• Mod FM Attenuator: Attenuator for MOD FM external input 0-100% (default: 0%).
• Final FM Attenuator: Attenuator for FINAL FM external input 0-100% (default: 0%).
• Decay Time: AD envelope decay. First half: 0-300ms, second half: 300ms-3s, max: Drone mode. Default: 0.73 (~1.3s).
• Bass/Sine Mix: Clean sine wave blend into output 0-100% (default: 30%). Adds fundamental weight.
• Linear FM Index: FM depth 0-4 (display multiplier). Through-zero FM. Default: 0.05.
• TM Amount: Timbre modulation depth 0-100% (default: 50%). MOD dynamically controls fold amount.
• RECT Mod Amount: Rectification modulation by MOD 0-100% (default: 20%).
• Sync Mode: Off / Soft / Hard. Syncs MOD phase to FINAL cycle.

I/O Reference

• Trigger: Trigger input to start AD envelope. Retriggerable.
• Modulation Wave CV: CV input for MOD waveform shape.
• External Modulation Input: Replace internal MOD with external signal.
• External Final Input: Replace internal FINAL with external audio for waveshaping processing.
• LPF Cutoff CV: CV modulation for lowpass filter cutoff.
• Rectify CV: CV modulation for rectification amount.
• FM Amount CV: CV modulation for FM depth.
• Harmonics CV: CV modulation for wavefolding amount.
• Fold Amount CV: CV modulation for TM (timbre modulation) depth.
• RECT Mod Amount CV: CV modulation for rectification modulation amount.
• Modulation FM: External FM signal for MOD oscillator frequency modulation.
• Modulation 1V/Oct: 1V/Oct pitch tracking for MOD oscillator.
• Final FM: External FM signal for FINAL oscillator frequency modulation.
• Final 1V/Oct: 1V/Oct pitch tracking for FINAL oscillator.
• Modulation Signal: Raw MOD oscillator output (0-10V). For modulating other modules.
• Final Sine: Clean sine at FINAL pitch (+-5V). Unaffected by waveshaping.
• Final Output: Main output with all processing applied (+-5V).

Overview

Recording sampler with chaotic parameter morphing, feedback matrix, and slice engine. Combines real-time recording with automatic transient detection, polyphonic playback, 3-band EQ, sample and hold modulation, and parameter morphing. Maximum recording time: 60 seconds at 48kHz. Designed for experimental sound design and live performance.

Recording and Slicing

• REC: Toggle recording. Clears existing slices on start.
• Transient Detection: Triggers new slice when amplitude crosses threshold from below
• THRESHOLD: Detection threshold (0-10V, default 1V). Adjusting while not recording rescans existing buffer.
• MIN SLICE: Minimum time between slices (0.001-1.0s, default 0.05s)
• Slice Storage: Dynamic std::vector (unlimited slices). Each slice stores startSample, endSample, peakAmplitude.

Speed Control

• Non-linear Mapping: Knob 0-1 maps to -8x to +8x with 1x at center
• 0-25%: Reverse playback from -8x to 0
• 25-50%: Forward playback from 0 to 1x
• 50-100%: Forward playback from 1x to 8x
• Linear Interpolation: Sub-sample accuracy using playbackPhase for smooth playback at all speeds

Polyphonic Voice System

• POLY: 1-8 voices (integer snap, CV modulatable)
• Voice Structure: Each voice has independent sliceIndex, playbackPosition, playbackPhase, speedMultiplier
• Speed Variation: Voices 1-7 get random speedMultiplier (0.5-2.0x)
• Slice Switching: Voices randomly switch slices based on sliceChangeTimer (0.5-2.0s intervals)
• Mix Output: Multi-voice output divided by numVoices to prevent clipping

Slice Crossfade

• Fade Time: 0.1ms (SLICE_FADE_TIME_MS constant)
• Fade Increment: Calculated from fade time and sample rate
• Pending Slice: New slice stored in pendingSliceIndex during fade-out, applied after envelope reaches 0
• Maximum Oscillator Frequency: ~5kHz (limited by 0.1ms fade envelope)

Parameter Smoothing

• Exponential Filter: Smoothly interpolates toward target with 0.5% step per sample
• Time Constant: ~5ms at 44.1kHz
• Smoothed Parameters: Scan, Threshold, LoopEnd, FeedbackAmount, FeedbackDelay

Feedback System

• No-Input Feedback: Output feeds back to input with analog-style saturation
• Saturation: Applies tanh soft-clipping scaled for unity gain at low levels
• Mix: Feedback signal added to output scaled by feedback amount

Morph System

• States: IDLE, MORPHING, HOLDING, RETURNING
• Curves: Linear, Smooth (S-curve easing), Exponential (fast attack, slow decay), Bezier (cubic)
• Default Targets: EQ, Scan, Feedback, Speed enabled. Threshold, MinSlice, S&H disabled.
• Morph Time: 1-20 seconds (configurable via right-click)

Send/Return Loop

• Send L/R: Outputs the current audio signal before EQ processing, within the feedback loop
• Return L/R: When connected, replaces the signal with external return. Allows inserting external effects into the feedback chain.
• Signal Chain Position: Send/Return sits after playback+feedback mixing, before EQ. The EQ'd output then feeds back into the next cycle.

Soft Limiter

• Threshold: -3dB (7.07V for 10V peak system)
• Below Threshold: Signal passes through unchanged (linear)
• Above Threshold: Soft knee compression with saturation amount 0.2
• Position: Applied to main output after EQ, before final output stage

EQ Section

• Low: 80Hz shelf (Allen & Heath reference)
• Mid: 2.5kHz peak
• High: 12kHz shelf
• Range: ±12dB per band
• Implementation: TBiquadFilter (IIR)

Sample & Hold

• Rate: Logarithmic mapping, range 0.01-100Hz (center = 1Hz)
• Slew: 0-1 second slew time
• Amount: 0-5x gain multiplier
• Output: ±10V CV output

Parameter Reference

• Slice Scan: Scan position through recorded slices (0-100%). CV modulatable.
• Scan CV Attenuverter: Attenuverter for Slice Scan CV input (-1.0 to +1.0).
• Slice Threshold: Transient detection threshold (0-10V, default 1V). Rescans buffer when adjusted outside recording.
• Min Slice Time: Minimum time between slices (0.001-1.0s, default 0.05s).
• Loop End Point: Loop end position (0-100%, default 100%).
• Morph Random (Hold): Hold button for chaotic parameter morphing. Randomizes enabled targets while held.
• Feedback Amount: No-input feedback level (0-100%). Adds tanh-saturated output back to input.
• Feedback CV Attenuverter: Attenuverter for Feedback Amount CV input (-1.0 to +1.0).
• Low EQ (80Hz): Low shelf EQ at 80Hz (±12dB).
• Mid EQ (2.5kHz): Mid peak EQ at 2.5kHz (±12dB).
• High EQ (12kHz): High shelf EQ at 12kHz (±12dB).
• Playback Speed: Non-linear speed control. 0-25%: reverse -8x to 0. 25-50%: forward 0 to 1x. 50-100%: forward 1x to 8x.
• Polyphonic Voices: Number of playback voices (1-8, integer snap). CV modulatable.
• S&H Slew Time: Sample & Hold slew time (0-1s). Smooths CV transitions.
• S&H Gain: Sample & Hold gain multiplier (0-5x).
• S&H Gain CV Attenuverter: Attenuverter for S&H Gain CV input (-1.0 to +1.0).
• S&H Sample Rate: Sample & Hold rate (0.01-100Hz, logarithmic). Center = 1Hz.
• S&H Rate CV Attenuverter: Attenuverter for S&H Rate CV input (-1.0 to +1.0).
• Record: Toggle recording. Clears existing slices on start.
• Play/Loop (cycles: Loop → Play): Toggle playback mode. Cycles between Loop and one-shot Play.
• Stop (hold 2 sec to Clear): Stop playback. Hold for 2 seconds to clear buffer.

Input Reference

• Audio L: Left audio input for recording.
• Audio R: Right audio input for recording.
• Slice Scan CV: CV input for slice scan position modulation.
• Threshold CV: CV input for threshold modulation.
• Feedback Amount CV: CV input for feedback amount modulation.
• Speed CV: CV input for playback speed modulation.
• Polyphonic CV: CV input for voice count modulation.
• S&H Amount CV: CV input for S&H gain modulation.
• S&H Rate CV: CV input for S&H rate modulation.
• Return L: Left return input for external effects loop.
• Return R: Right return input for external effects loop.
• Rec Trigger: Trigger input to toggle recording.
• Play Trigger: Trigger input to toggle playback.
• Clear Trigger: Trigger input to stop/clear.
• Morph Gate: Gate input for parameter morphing. Morphs while gate is high.

Output Reference

• Main L: Left main audio output (with EQ and soft limiter applied).
• Main R: Right main audio output (with EQ and soft limiter applied).
• S&H CV: Sample & Hold CV output (±10V).
• Send L: Left send output for external effects loop (pre-EQ).
• Send R: Right send output for external effects loop (pre-EQ).

Technical Specifications

• Module width: 12HP
• Buffer size: 60 seconds at 48kHz (2,880,000 samples per channel)
• Internal processing: ±10V hard clamp in sample engine
• Main output: Soft limiter at -3dB (7.07V threshold), soft knee compression above
• EQ implementation: Biquad IIR filters
• Slice storage: Dynamic vector (unlimited)
• Random engine: std::default_random_engine with time-based seed
• State persistence: Buffer, slices, all parameters saved to JSON

Overview

Clock-driven sequential switch that cycles through 8 inputs based on configurable length values. Each input plays for a specified number of clock cycles before switching to the next. Supports polyphonic signals up to 16 channels with automatic channel count detection.

Signal Flow

CLOCK → Counter → Input Selection → [optional Crossfade] → Output. Each clock pulse advances the internal counter. When counter reaches the current input's length, it resets and advances to the next input in the sequence.

Sequence Control

• Sequence Field: Text input defining playback order. Default: "12345678"
• Formats: Direct ("12345678"), space-separated ("1 2 3"), comma-separated ("1,2,3"), range ("1-4" expands to 1,2,3,4)
• Numbers: 1-8 corresponding to inputs IN 1 through IN 8
• Loop: Sequence repeats indefinitely after completion

Length Parameters

• Length 1-8: Clock cycles per input (1-64, default: 4). Determines how many clocks each input plays before advancing.
• Snap: Values snap to integers for precise timing

Learn Mode

• Learn: Activates learn mode for that input (red LED)
• Behavior: Counts incoming clocks while active. Press again to set length to counted value.
• Use Case: Match input length to external loop length automatically

Crossfade Parameters

• Fade Clock: Start crossfade N clocks before input ends (0-16, default: 0). If 0, no fade occurs.
• Fade Time: Crossfade duration in milliseconds (0-1000, default: 100)
• Behavior: Linear crossfade between current and next input signals

Inputs

• Clock: Clock input for advancing the sequence
• Reset: Reset to beginning of sequence
• Input 1-8: Eight audio/CV inputs (polyphonic)

Outputs

• Main: Routed output signal (active input with optional crossfade, polyphonic, matches maximum input channel count)
• Trigger 1-8: Trigger output when corresponding input becomes active

Active Indicator

• Green LED: Shows currently active input
• Red LED: Shows learn mode is active for that input

Parameter Reference

• Length 1: Clock cycles for Input 1 (1-64, default 4).
• Length 2: Clock cycles for Input 2 (1-64, default 4).
• Length 3: Clock cycles for Input 3 (1-64, default 4).
• Length 4: Clock cycles for Input 4 (1-64, default 4).
• Length 5: Clock cycles for Input 5 (1-64, default 4).
• Length 6: Clock cycles for Input 6 (1-64, default 4).
• Length 7: Clock cycles for Input 7 (1-64, default 4).
• Length 8: Clock cycles for Input 8 (1-64, default 4).
• Learn 1: Learn mode for Input 1. Counts clocks to auto-set length.
• Learn 2: Learn mode for Input 2. Counts clocks to auto-set length.
• Learn 3: Learn mode for Input 3. Counts clocks to auto-set length.
• Learn 4: Learn mode for Input 4. Counts clocks to auto-set length.
• Learn 5: Learn mode for Input 5. Counts clocks to auto-set length.
• Learn 6: Learn mode for Input 6. Counts clocks to auto-set length.
• Learn 7: Learn mode for Input 7. Counts clocks to auto-set length.
• Learn 8: Learn mode for Input 8. Counts clocks to auto-set length.
• Fade Clock: Start crossfade N clocks before input ends (0-16, default 0).
• Fade Time: Crossfade duration in milliseconds (0-1000, default 100).

Input Reference

• Clock: Clock input for advancing the sequence.
• Reset: Reset to beginning of sequence.
• Input 1: Audio/CV input 1 (polyphonic).
• Input 2: Audio/CV input 2 (polyphonic).
• Input 3: Audio/CV input 3 (polyphonic).
• Input 4: Audio/CV input 4 (polyphonic).
• Input 5: Audio/CV input 5 (polyphonic).
• Input 6: Audio/CV input 6 (polyphonic).
• Input 7: Audio/CV input 7 (polyphonic).
• Input 8: Audio/CV input 8 (polyphonic).

Output Reference

• Main: Routed output signal (active input with optional crossfade, polyphonic).
• Trigger 1: Trigger output when Input 1 becomes active.
• Trigger 2: Trigger output when Input 2 becomes active.
• Trigger 3: Trigger output when Input 3 becomes active.
• Trigger 4: Trigger output when Input 4 becomes active.
• Trigger 5: Trigger output when Input 5 becomes active.
• Trigger 6: Trigger output when Input 6 becomes active.
• Trigger 7: Trigger output when Input 7 becomes active.
• Trigger 8: Trigger output when Input 8 becomes active.

Technical Specifications

• Module width: 8HP
• Polyphony: Up to 16 channels
• Length range: 1-64 clocks per input
• Crossfade time: 0-1000ms
• Crossfade advance: 0-16 clocks
• Processing: 32-bit floating point

Overview

Dual-track Euclidean rhythm generator with built-in drum and hi-hat synthesis. Combines rhythm pattern generation with envelope generators and CV modulation. Uses 3x oversampling with 6-stage SOS anti-aliasing filter for clean audio output.

Signal Flow

Clock → [Euclidean Pattern Generator] → [Track Envelope] × [Main VCA Envelope] → [Oscillator with FM] → Audio Output. Each track has independent Bjorklund-distributed patterns that trigger dedicated synthesis engines.

Euclidean Rhythm

• Distribution: Bjorklund algorithm distributes hits as evenly as possible across the pattern length
• Rotation: Pattern shift for offset control
• Length: 1-32 steps (default: 32)
• Fill: 0-100% converted to integer step count

Track 1 (Drum) Synthesis

• FILL: Active steps percentage (0-100%, default: 84.5%)
• FREQ: Oscillator frequency (20Hz-20kHz logarithmic, default: ~36.7Hz)
• FM: FM amount (0-1, default: 0.65). Envelope modulates pitch exponentially for classic FM drum character
• NOISE: Pink/blue noise mix (0-1, default: 0.152). Blue noise is derived from pink noise via differentiation
• ACCENT: Quarter-note VCA shift (1-7 steps, default: 1)
• DELAY: Main VCA decay time (0.01-2s, default: 0.396s)
• DECAY: Track envelope decay (0.01-2s, default: 0.720s). FM envelope uses half this value (decayParam * 0.5), VCA envelope uses full value.
• SHAPE: Envelope curve (0-0.99, default: 0)

Track 2 (HATs) Synthesis

• SHIFT: Pattern rotation offset (0-7 steps, default: 2)
• FILL: Active steps percentage (0-100%, default: 25%)
• D/M: Clock div/mult - 0:1/2x, 1:1x, 2:1.5x, 3:2x, 4:3x (default: 1x)
• NOISE: Noise FM modulation (0-1, default: 0.714). Pink when <0.5, blue when ≥0.5
• FREQ: Hi-hat frequency (20Hz-20kHz, default: ~20kHz)
• DECAY: Envelope decay (0.01-2s, default: 0.131s). VCA envelope uses half this value (decayParam * 0.5).
• SHAPE: Envelope curve (0-0.99, default: 0.055)

Envelope Behavior

• Attack: Fixed 1ms linear ramp
• Decay: Variable S-curve with smoothstep transition for natural-sounding decay
• Shape Control: Adjusts the curvature of both attack and decay segments
• Transition: Smooth blending between front and back envelope curves for percussive character

Oversampling Implementation

• Factor: 3x oversampling
• Filter: 6-stage cascaded Second-Order Sections (SOS)
• Coefficients: Pre-computed for 48kHz × 3 operation
• Processing: Separate up/down filters for clean aliasing rejection

Pink Noise Generator

• Algorithm: Voss-McCartney with 6 quality stages
• Frame counting: XOR-based bit detection for efficient computation
• Normalization: Scaled to appropriate output level for mixing with oscillator signal

Inputs

• CLK: Global clock (Schmitt trigger)
• RESET: Reset sequence to step 0
• Manual Reset: Button to manually reset sequence (same as RESET input)
• D.F: Drum frequency CV (±10V, 1V/oct)
• D.D: Drum decay CV (±10V, scaled /10)
• H.F: Hats frequency CV (±10V, 1V/oct)
• H.D: Hats decay CV (±10V, scaled /10)

Outputs

• TRACK 1: Drum audio (scaled by envelope × mainVCA × 1.4)
• TRACK 2: Hi-hat audio (scaled by envelope × 0.7)
• VCA ENV: Main accent envelope (0-10V)
• DRUM FM ENV: Track 1 FM envelope (0-10V)
• HATS VCA ENV: Track 2 VCA envelope (0-10V)

Technical Specifications

• Input: ±10V (CV), Schmitt trigger with 0.1V/2V thresholds
• Audio output: ±5V nominal
• Envelope output: 0-10V unipolar
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Oversampling: 3x with 6-stage SOS anti-aliasing
• Clock range: 0.01-10 seconds per step
• Module width: 8HP

Parameter Reference

• Global Clock: Clock input (Schmitt trigger, 0.1V/2V thresholds).
• Reset: Reset trigger input, resets all tracks to step 0.
• Global Length: Sequence length (1-32 steps, default: 32, snap).
• Manual Reset: Button to manually reset all tracks.
• Track 1 Fill: Drum track rhythm density (0-100%, default: 84.5%).
• Track 1 Frequency: Drum oscillator frequency (20Hz-20kHz logarithmic, default: ~36.7Hz).
• Track 1 FM Amount: FM modulation depth (0-1, default: 0.65).
• Track 1 Noise Mix: Pink/blue noise mix (0-1, default: 0.152).
• VCA Shift: Quarter-note accent shift (1-7 steps, default: 1, snap).
• VCA Decay: Main VCA envelope decay time (0.01-2s, default: 0.396s).
• Track 1 Decay: Drum envelope decay (0.01-2s, default: 0.720s).
• Track 1 Shape: Drum envelope curve shape (0-0.99, default: 0).
• Track 2 Shift: HATs pattern rotation offset (0-7 steps, default: 2, snap).
• Track 2 Fill: HATs rhythm density (0-100%, default: 25%).
• Track 2 Div/Mult: HATs clock div/mult (0-4, default: 1x, snap).
• Track 2 Frequency: Hi-hat oscillator frequency (20Hz-20kHz, default: ~20kHz).
• Track 2 Decay: HATs envelope decay (0.01-2s, default: 0.131s).
• Track 2 Shape: HATs envelope curve (0-0.99, default: 0.055).
• Track 2 Noise FM: HATs noise FM amount (0-1, default: 0.714).
• Drum Frequency CV: Drum frequency CV input (1V/oct).
• Drum Decay CV: Drum decay CV input (scaled /10).
• Hats Frequency CV: Hats frequency CV input (1V/oct).
• Hats Decay CV: Hats decay CV input (scaled /10).
• Track 1 Audio: Drum audio output (envelope x mainVCA x 1.4).
• Track 2 Audio: Hi-hat audio output (envelope x 0.7).
• Accent VCA Envelope: Main accent VCA envelope output (0-10V).
• Track 1 FM Envelope: Track 1 FM envelope output (0-10V).
• Track 2 VCA Envelope: Track 2 VCA envelope output (0-10V).

Overview

Envelope-driven drum voice module with BD/SN/HH synthesis engines. Requires external envelope/trigger inputs (from TWNC or other modules). Features 10-bit quantization for vintage lo-fi character and sidechain ducking.

Signal Flow

Envelope CV → [Synthesis Engine] → [10-bit Quantizer] → [Soft Limiter] → Output. Each drum voice has dedicated synthesis and independent output, plus stereo mix with hi-hat delay spread.

Bass Drum (BD) Synthesis

• Kick Volume: Output volume (0-1, default: 1.0)
• Kick Envelope CV: Envelope CV input (0-10V). VCA uses square root response for punchy character
• Kick Accent CV: Accent CV input (0-10V). Also drives sidechain ducking
• Kick Frequency: Frequency (24-500Hz logarithmic, default: ~24Hz)
• Kick FM Amount: FM amount (0-1, default: 0.157). Internally scaled 20x. Envelope squared for pitch sweep
• Kick Punch Amount: Saturation amount (0-1, default: 0.168). Soft-clipping saturation for warm distortion
• Kick Frequency CV: Frequency CV input (±10V, scaled /10)
• Kick FM CV: FM CV input (±10V, scaled /10)
• Kick Punch CV: Punch CV input (±10V, scaled /10)

Snare Drum (SN) Synthesis

• Snare Volume: Output volume (0-1, default: 1.0)
• Snare Envelope CV: Envelope CV input (0-10V). VCA uses square root response
• Snare Frequency: Body frequency (100-300Hz logarithmic, default: ~120Hz)
• Snare Noise Tone: Noise filter tone (0-1, default: 0.717). Filter freq = bodyFreq*5 + tone*5000 + envCV*2000
• Snare Noise Mix: Body/noise crossfade (0-1, default: 0.288). CV modulation available
• Snare Noise Mix CV: Noise mix CV input (±10V, scaled /10)
• Body: Sine oscillator at 75% amplitude
• Noise: White noise through 2-pole biquad bandpass, 4x gain boost

Bandpass Filter Behavior

• Type: 2-pole biquad bandpass with optional 3rd pole for high Q
• Q behavior: At high Q values, additional filtering stage blends in for sharper resonance
• Frequency range: 20Hz to 45% of sample rate

Hi-Hat (HH) Synthesis

• Hats Volume: Output volume (0-1, default: 1.0)
• Hats Envelope CV: Envelope CV input (0-10V)
• Hats Tone: Base frequency (0-1, default: 0.965). Range: 1000-5500 Hz
• Hats Decay: Envelope decay shape (0-1, default: 0). Higher values add noise component (noiseAmount = decay * 0.8). CV input available via Hats Decay CV (±10V, scaled /10)
• Hats Decay CV: Decay CV input (±10V, scaled /10)
• VCA curve: Variable decay exponent (2.0 - decay*1.5), creating sharper/softer envelope shapes
• Engine: 6 detuned triangle oscillators (FM synthesis approach)
• Frequency offsets: +100, +250, +400, +550, +600, +1000 Hz from base

10-bit Quantization

• Resolution: 1024 levels (10-bit)
• Behavior: Signal rounded to discrete amplitude levels
• Applied to: BD, SN, HH individual outputs and mix
• Character: Adds subtle lo-fi grit reminiscent of vintage samplers

Sidechain Ducking

• Duck Amount: Ducking amount (0-1, default: 0)
• Source: Kick accent CV input
• Behavior: Kick accent attenuates other signals based on duck amount (internally scaled 3x: sidechainCV = 1 - accentCV * duckAmount * 3)
• Affects: Snare (full ducking via 0.02 + sidechain*0.98), external input (full ducking), hi-hat (reduced: 0.8 + sidechain*0.2)

Stereo Delay

• Max delay: 1440 samples (~30ms @ 48kHz)
• HH spread: Fixed 20ms delay on right channel
• Implementation: Circular buffer delay line

Soft Limiter

• Threshold: ±5V
• Behavior: Smooth saturation above threshold for warm limiting
• Applied to: L/R mix outputs only

Outputs

• External Input: External audio input, affected by sidechain ducking
• Kick Audio: Bass drum output (10-bit quantized)
• Snare Audio: Snare drum output (10-bit quantized)
• Hats Audio 1: Hi-hat output (10-bit quantized)
• Mix Output L: Mix with HH direct
• Mix Output R: Mix with HH delayed 20ms

Technical Specifications

• Envelope input: 0-10V (normalized to 0-1)
• CV input: ±10V (scaled /10)
• Audio output: ±5V nominal (soft limited)
• Quantization: 10-bit (1024 levels)
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Module width: 8HP

Companion Module

• TWNC: Provides Euclidean rhythm envelopes via VCA ENV, DRUM FM ENV, HATS VCA ENV outputs
• TWNC Light: Provides envelope outputs in 4HP form factor

Overview

Compact 4HP envelope generator with dual-track Euclidean rhythm engine. Outputs envelope CV signals only (no audio synthesis). Designed to drive TWNC 2 or other sound sources.

Signal Flow

Clock → [Euclidean Pattern Generator] → [Envelope Generator] → CV Output. Track 2 has additional clock division/multiplication before pattern generation. Accent system provides separate quarter-note envelope.

Euclidean Algorithm

• Distribution: Bjorklund via floor-based spacing, evenly distributing fills across pattern length. Euclidean shift is always 0 (rotation not applied to pattern).
• Auto-reset: Sequence resets every 32 clock pulses
• Length: 1-32 steps (default: 16)

Global Controls

• CLK: Clock input (Schmitt trigger, 0.1V low / 2V high threshold)
• LEN: Sequence length (1-32 steps, default: 16, snap)

Drum Track (Track 1)

• FILL: Rhythm density (0-100%, default: 66.6%)
• ACCNT: Quarter-note accent shift (1-7 steps, default: 1). Triggers main VCA envelope. Accent fires when clock step matches (shift-1) mod 4. Track 1 always runs at 1x clock (no div/mult).
• A.DEC: Accent envelope decay (0.01-2s, default: 0.549s)
• DECAY: Track 1 envelope decay (0.01-2s, default: 0.3s). FM envelope uses half this value (decayParam * 0.5), VCA envelope uses full value.
• SHAPE: Envelope curve (0-0.99, default: 0.5)
• D.D: Decay CV input (±10V, scaled /10)

HATs Track (Track 2)

• FILL: Rhythm density (0-100%, default: 100%)
• SHIFT: Clock delay from accent (1-4 steps, default: 3). Delays HATs start relative to accent
• D/M: Clock div/mult (-3 to +3, default: -3 = 1/4x)
• Div/mult values: -3:1/4x, -2:1/3x, -1:1/2x, 0:1x, +1:2x, +2:3x, +3:4x
• DECAY: Envelope decay (0.01-2s, default: 0.094s). VCA envelope uses half this value (decayParam * 0.5).
• SHAPE: Envelope curve (0-0.99, default: 0.5)
• H.D: Decay CV input (±10V, scaled /10)

Envelope Algorithm

• Attack: Fixed 1ms linear ramp
• Decay: Variable S-curve with smoothstep transition (same as TWNC)
• Shape calculation: frontK ranges -0.9 to -0.4, backK ranges -1.0 to 0.6 based on shape parameter
• Output formula: Weighted interpolation producing S-curve decay characteristic
• Trigger pulse: 30ms pulse for retriggering

Clock Division/Multiplication

• Division: Counts input clocks, triggers on Nth
• Multiplication: Generates N triggers per input clock period
• Gate width: 50% of multiplied clock period (minimum 1ms)
• Combined: Division applied first, then multiplication

HATs Delay System

• SHIFT parameter: Delays HATs track start by N clock pulses after accent trigger
• Behavior: When SHIFT=1, HATs starts immediately with accent. When SHIFT>1, waits SHIFT-1 clocks
• Reset: Delay counter resets when SHIFT parameter changes

Outputs

• ENVs (top): Main accent VCA envelope (0-10V)
• ENVs (bottom-left): Track 1 FM envelope (0-10V)
• ENVs (bottom-right): Track 2 VCA envelope (0-10V)

Technical Specifications

• Clock input: Schmitt trigger (0.1V/2V thresholds)
• CV input: ±10V (scaled /10)
• Envelope output: 0-10V unipolar
• Attack time: 1ms (fixed)
• Decay range: 0.01-2 seconds
• Clock period: 0.01-10 seconds
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Module width: 4HP

Companion Module

• TWNC 2: Receives envelope outputs to drive BD/SN/HH synthesis
• Usage: Connect ENVs outputs to TWNC 2 ENV inputs for complete drum machine

Parameter Reference

• Global Clock: Clock input (Schmitt trigger, 0.1V/2V thresholds).
• Global Length: Sequence length (1-32 steps, default: 16, snap).
• Track 1 Fill: Drum track rhythm density (0-100%, default: 66.6%).
• VCA Shift: Quarter-note accent shift (1-7 steps, default: 1, snap).
• VCA Decay: Accent envelope decay time (0.01-2s, default: 0.549s).
• Track 1 Decay: Drum envelope decay (0.01-2s, default: 0.3s).
• Track 1 Shape: Drum envelope curve (0-0.99, default: 0.5).
• Track 2 Fill: HATs rhythm density (0-100%, default: 100%).
• Track 2 Shift: HATs clock delay from accent (1-4 steps, default: 3, snap).
• Track 2 Div/Mult: HATs clock div/mult (-3 to +3, default: -3 = 1/4x, snap).
• Track 2 Decay: HATs envelope decay (0.01-2s, default: 0.094s).
• Track 2 Shape: HATs envelope curve (0-0.99, default: 0.5).
• Drum Frequency CV: Drum frequency CV input.
• Drum Decay CV: Drum decay CV input (scaled /10).
• Hats Frequency CV: Hats frequency CV input.
• Hats Decay CV: Hats decay CV input (scaled /10).
• Accent VCA Envelope: Main accent VCA envelope output (0-10V).
• Track 1 FM Envelope: Track 1 FM envelope output (0-10V).
• Track 2 VCA Envelope: Track 2 VCA envelope output (0-10V).

Overview

Single-track kick drum synthesizer combining Euclidean rhythm generation with sine wave oscillator, FM pitch sweep, and tanh saturation. Features a quarter-note accent system that creates groove variation on a separate clock division. The synthesis engine uses three envelope stages: VCA amplitude, FM pitch modulation, and accent intensity.

Signal Flow

Clock → Euclidean Pattern → [Trigger VCA + FM + Accent Envelopes] → Sine VCO (with FM) → tanh Saturation → VCA → Output. The accent envelope modulates VCA gain on quarter-note boundaries.

Euclidean Rhythm Engine

• Pattern Length: Fixed 16 steps
• Fill Calculation: Fill percentage converted to 0-16 hit count
• Hit Distribution: Bjorklund algorithm distributes hits evenly across pattern length
• Step Counter: Increments on each clock rising edge (2.0V threshold)
• Pattern Wrap: Returns to step 0 after step 15

Accent System

• Accent Clock: Triggers every 4 steps (quarter-note in 16th-note pattern)
• Shift Range: 1-7 steps offset from downbeat
• Accent Trigger: Fires when step plus shift value is divisible by 4
• Accent Envelope: UnifiedEnvelope class with S-curve decay and separate decay time
• Gain Modulation: Accent envelope multiplies final VCA output for dynamic emphasis

Synthesis Engine

• Oscillator: BasicSineVCO class generating pure sine wave
• Frequency: Base frequency modulated by FM envelope, up to 20x multiplier at full depth
• FM Envelope: UnifiedEnvelope class, fast attack (1ms), variable decay
• Pitch Sweep: FM envelope creates characteristic kick "thump" by sweeping from high to low frequency
• Saturation: Tanh waveshaping with punch-controlled drive adds harmonics
• At Punch 0: Clean sine output
• At Punch 1: Heavy saturation with odd harmonics

Envelope Classes

• UnifiedEnvelope: S-curve shaped decay with configurable attack (1ms default)
• LinearEnvelope: Simple linear decay for accent (no attack phase)
• VCA Envelope: Controls overall amplitude, uses LinearEnvelope (simple linear decay)
• FM Envelope: Controls pitch sweep depth, uses UnifiedEnvelope (S-curve shaped decay)
• Accent Envelope: Multiplies VCA output, uses UnifiedEnvelope (S-curve shaped decay with configurable shape)

Controls

• CLK: Clock input (2.0V rising edge threshold)
• FILL: Euclidean fill density 0-100% (0-16 hits). CV input adds to knob value.
• ACCENT: Quarter-note shift 1-7 steps. Determines which beat gets accent emphasis.
• DELAY: Accent envelope decay 0.01-2.0s (linear scaling)
• TUNE: Base frequency 24-500Hz. Logarithmic scaling across range. CV input adds ±2 octaves.
• FM: FM depth 0-100%. Higher values create more aggressive pitch sweep.
• PUNCH: Saturation amount 0-100%. Adds harmonic content via tanh waveshaping.
• DECAY: VCA envelope decay 0.01-2.0s (logarithmic). Controls kick body length.
• SHAPE: Envelope curve 0-0.99. Higher values create longer tail with faster initial decay.

Outputs

• VCA ENV: VCA envelope output (0-10V). Use to trigger external modules.
• FM ENV: FM envelope output (0-10V). Useful for modulating other parameters.
• ACCENT ENV: Accent envelope output (0-10V). Quarter-note pulse for groove sync.
• AUDIO: Final kick drum audio (±10V peak)

Technical Specifications

• Pattern length: 16 steps (fixed)
• Clock threshold: 2.0V rising edge
• Frequency range: 24-500 Hz
• FM multiplier: 1x to 20x base frequency
• Saturation: tanh waveshaping (1x to 3x drive)
• Envelope attack: 1ms (fixed)
• Envelope decay: 10ms to 2 seconds
• Output level: ±10V peak
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Module width: 4HP

Parameter Reference

• Fill: Euclidean fill density 0-100% (0-16 hits in 16-step pattern).
• Accent: Quarter-note accent shift 1-7 steps (snap). Determines which beat gets emphasis.
• Accent Delay: Accent envelope decay time 0.01-2.0 seconds.
• Tune: Base oscillator frequency 24-500Hz (logarithmic scaling).
• FM Amount: FM modulation depth 0-100%. Higher values create more aggressive pitch sweep.
• Punch Amount: Tanh saturation amount 0-100%. Adds harmonic content.
• Decay: VCA envelope decay time 0.01-2.0 seconds (logarithmic). Controls kick body length.
• Shape: Envelope curve shape 0-0.99. Higher values create faster initial decay with longer tail.
• Clock: Clock input. Rising edge (2.0V threshold) advances the Euclidean step counter.
• Tune CV: Tune modulation CV input. Adds to base frequency in log2 space.
• FM CV: FM amount modulation CV input (\u00b110V).
• Punch CV: Punch amount modulation CV input (\u00b110V).
• Decay CV: Decay time modulation CV input (\u00b110V).
• Fill CV: Fill density modulation CV input. Adds to knob value.
• VCA Envelope: VCA envelope output (0-10V). Use to trigger external modules.
• FM Envelope: FM envelope output (0-10V). Useful for modulating other parameters.
• Accent Envelope: Accent envelope output (0-10V). Quarter-note pulse for groove sync.
• Audio: Final kick drum audio output (\u00b110V peak).

Overview

Ping filter synthesizer based on Mutable Instruments Ripples bandpass filter design. Combines a 4-pole OTA lowpass filter with self-resonance feedback, an LPG-style lowpass gate for FM signal processing, and built-in noise generators. Creates metallic percussion sounds with organic character variations through per-trigger randomization of frequency and decay parameters.

Signal Flow

Trigger → [Generate Ping Impulse] → BPF (self-resonant) → [× VCA Envelope] → Output. FM modulation: Noise/External → LPG → BPF frequency modulation.

BPF Engine (Ripples-Based)

• Architecture: Second-order sections (SOS) IIR filter cascade with 3x oversampling
• Filter Type: 4-pole OTA ladder filter with self-modulation feedback
• Antialiasing: 6-section cascaded SOS filters for up/down conversion
• RC Filter Constants: Based on Ripples hardware (33kΩ cell resistance, 560pF capacitors)
• OTA VCA: Temperature-compensated (40°C nominal) with rational polynomial approximation
• Self-Modulation: 0.01 coefficient adds subtle harmonic character
• Integration: Runge-Kutta 2 (RK2) numerical integration for filter state

Noise Generators

• Pink Noise: Voss-McCartney algorithm with 8-octave summation. Normalized by /0.816 factor.
• Blue Noise: Differentiated pink noise (current - previous sample). Normalized by /0.705 factor.
• Noise Gain: Normalized baseline, pink ×0.8, blue ×1.5
• LPG IN MIX: Crossfades Pink (0) → External (0.5) → Blue (1.0)

LPG System

• Trigger Detection: Schmitt trigger on TRIG IN, generates 2ms internal pulse
• LPG Envelope: Attack phase (6ms default) + exponential decay phase
• Decay Range: 10ms to 510ms based on resonance parameter
• Cutoff Sweep: 200Hz to 18.2kHz, envelope-controlled
• Filter Type: Biquad lowpass with Q = 0.707 (Butterworth)
• VCA Amount: FM AMT parameter controls LPG output level into BPF

VCA Envelope

• Attack Time: Configurable 0.5-20ms via right-click menu (default: 6ms)
• Behavior: Attack-only envelope; ramps from 0 to 1 and holds at peak (no decay phase)
• Application: Multiplies final BPF output for amplitude shaping

Randomization System

• Trigger Event: Each trigger generates new random offsets
• Distribution: Gaussian (normal) with σ = 0.00006
• Frequency Offset: Added to FREQ parameter before filter processing
• Decay Offset: Added to DECAY parameter
• Visual Feedback: PinppleRandomizedKnob class displays offset-adjusted position
• Knob Display: Visual offset shows randomization effect on knob position

Controls

• MUTE Button: Toggle output mute with red LED indicator
• VOLUME: Output gain 0-100% (default: 100%)
• FREQ: BPF center frequency 20Hz-20kHz (log scale). Default: 261Hz (C4). CV: 1V/octave with attenuverter.
• DECAY: Envelope decay time 0-100%. Also controls LPG decay. CV input with attenuverter.
• FM AMT: FM modulation depth 0-100%. Controls LPG signal level into BPF. CV input with attenuverter.
• LPG IN MIX: Noise source selection: Pink (left) → External (center) → Blue (right)

Inputs

• TRIG IN: Trigger input for envelope and randomization (Schmitt trigger detection)
• FREQ CV: 1V/octave frequency CV input with attenuverter
• DECAY CV: Decay modulation ±10V with attenuverter
• FM IN: External audio input for FM modulation (replaces noise when LPG IN MIX centered)
• FM AMT CV: FM amount modulation ±10V with attenuverter

Output

• OUTPUT: Main audio output (monophonic). BPF output × VCA envelope × Volume × Mute state.

Technical Specifications

• BPF frequency range: 20Hz - 20kHz
• Oversampling: 3x with 6-section SOS antialiasing
• LPG cutoff range: 200Hz - 18.2kHz (envelope-controlled)
• LPG decay: 10ms - 510ms
• VCA attack: 0.5-20ms (configurable via menu)
• Randomization: Gaussian σ = 0.00006
• Trigger threshold: Schmitt trigger detection
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Polyphony: Monophonic
• Module width: 4HP

Parameter Reference

• Frequency: BPF center frequency 20Hz-20kHz (log scale). Default: 261Hz (C4). CV: 1V/octave.
• Decay: Envelope decay time 0-100%. Also controls LPG decay range 10-510ms.
• FM Amount: FM modulation depth 0-100%. Controls LPG signal level into BPF.
• Freq CV Attenuverter: Attenuverter for Frequency CV input (-1.0 to +1.0).
• Decay CV Attenuverter: Attenuverter for Decay CV input (-1.0 to +1.0).
• FM AMT CV Attenuverter: Attenuverter for FM AMT CV input (-1.0 to +1.0).
• Mute: Toggle output mute with red LED indicator.
• Volume: Output gain 0-100% (default: 100%).
• LPG IN MIX: Noise source crossfade: Pink (0) to External (0.5) to Blue (1.0).
• FM: External audio input for FM modulation (replaces noise when LPG IN MIX centered).
• 1V/Oct Frequency CV: 1V/octave frequency CV input with attenuverter.
• Decay CV: Decay modulation input (+-10V with attenuverter).
• Trigger: Trigger input for envelope and randomization (Schmitt trigger detection).
• FM AMT CV: FM amount modulation input (+-10V with attenuverter).
• Audio: Main audio output (monophonic). BPF output x VCA envelope x Volume x Mute state.

Right-Click Menu

• VCA Attack Time: Slider to adjust VCA envelope attack (0.5-20ms, default: 6ms)

Overview

Standalone 4-voice world drum synthesizer extracted from the Universal Rhythm engine. Each of the 4 roles (Lead, Groove, Timeline, Foundation, arranged top to bottom on the panel) has 2 voice variations selected probabilistically by the VOICE knob. The module provides 10 cultural style presets with a dynamic color-coded display, per-role frequency and decay controls with CV modulation, individual audio outputs per role, and a stereo mix output with configurable spread panning.

Style Presets

• 0 - West African: Gankogui, Dununba, Sangban, Djembe Slap/Tone
• 1 - Afro-Cuban: Clave, Tumba, Conga, Timbales, Quinto
• 2 - Brazilian: Agogo, Surdo, Tamborim, Caixa, Ganza
• 3 - Balkan: Rim, Tapan Bass/Mid, Tarabuka Doum/Tek
• 4 - Indian: Manjira, Baya Ge/Ka, Daya Na/Tin/Ti/Re
• 5 - Gamelan: Kenong, Kethuk, Gong, Kempul, Bonang Po, Bonang Sa, Gender, Saron
• 6 - Jazz: Ride/Bell, Kick, Snare, HiHat Cl/Op
• 7 - Electronic: HiHat, 808 Kick, Clap, Snare, Open HH
• 8 - Breakbeat: HiHat, Kick, Snare, Ghost, Open HH
• 9 - Techno: HiHat, 909 Kick, Clap, Rim, Open HH, Tom

4-Role System

• Lead (Voices 6-7, top row): High-frequency embellishments and accents. Ghost notes and effects.
• Groove (Voices 4-5, second row): Mid-range 250-700Hz. Snare, clap, and conga patterns.
• Timeline (Voices 0-1, third row): Time-keeping layer. Bells, hi-hats, 3-12kHz.
• Foundation (Voices 2-3, bottom row): Bass layer 40-150Hz. Kick and bass drums.

Voice Variation

• VOICE Knob: Controls probability of triggering voice 2 instead of voice 1 (0-100%). At 0%, always triggers primary voice. At 100%, always triggers secondary voice.
• Voice Name Display: Dynamic labels on the right side show the name of the last triggered voice per role, with style-colored glow effect.
• Both voices process simultaneously: One may be decaying while the other is freshly triggered, allowing natural overlapping tails.

Per-Role Controls

• TRIG: Trigger input per role. Schmitt trigger detection (0.1V low, 2V high).
• VEL: Velocity CV input per role (0-10V, normalized to 0-1). Default velocity is 1.0 when disconnected.
• FREQ: Frequency modifier (-1 to +1 octave). Applies to both voices via pow(2, freqParam). CV: ±5V = ±1 octave.
• DECAY: Decay multiplier (0.2x to 2.0x). Applies to both voices. CV: ±1V = ±0.18x (±5V = ±0.9x).
• OUT: Individual audio output per role (sum of both voices, scaled to ±5V).

Global Controls

• STYLE: Style selection knob (0-9, snapped to integers). 30px TechnoSnapKnob with CV modulation ring display.
• STYLE CV: CV input for style selection. ±10V range, added to knob value.
• SPREAD: Stereo spread amount (0-100%, default 50%). Pan positions: Timeline -0.5, Foundation 0, Groove +0.3, Lead +0.7.
• VOICE: Voice variation probability (0-100%, default 0%). Controls which of the 2 voices per role gets triggered.

Inputs

• STYLE CV: Style selection modulation (added to knob value, clamped 0-9).
• TRIG (x4): Trigger input per role (Lead, Groove, Timeline, Foundation).
• VEL (x4): Velocity CV per role (0-10V).
• FREQ CV (x4): Frequency modulation per role (±5V = ±1 octave).
• DECAY CV (x4): Decay modulation per role (±1V = ±0.18x, ±5V = ±0.9x).

Outputs

• OUT (x4): Individual audio output per role (±5V, sum of 2 voices).
• MIX L: Stereo left mix output with spread panning and soft limiting (tanh).
• MIX R: Stereo right mix output with spread panning and soft limiting (tanh).

Technical Specifications

• Module width: 8HP
• Voice count: 8 (2 per role)
• Synth modes: SINE (pitched), NOISE (unpitched)
• Frequency range: 42Hz - 12kHz (style dependent)
• Decay range: 12ms - 800ms (style dependent)
• Stereo panning: Equal-power law (cos/sin)
• Output limiting: Soft clip via tanh
• Processing: 32-bit floating point

Overview

Kick drum synthesizer built around a sine oscillator with exponential pitch sweep. The timbre section offers four waveshaper modes, WAV sample-based phase modulation, self-feedback FM, and a 4-pole low-pass filter. An accent input allows external velocity control. Optional 2x oversampling reduces aliasing from the waveshaper and feedback stages.

Signal Flow

Trigger → Pitch Envelope → Sine Oscillator (+ Feedback PM + Sample FM) → 4-pole LPF (Tone) → Drive (tanh saturation) → Amplitude Envelope × Accent → Output

Synthesis Section (Left Column)

• PITCH: Base oscillator frequency, 20–200 Hz (default 47 Hz). CV input applies V/Oct scaling.
• SWEEP: Pitch envelope amount added to base frequency, 0–500 Hz (default 260 Hz). Decays exponentially from trigger. CV input adds ±50 Hz per volt.
• BEND: Controls how fast the pitch sweep decays. Higher values produce a faster, snappier sweep. Range 0.5–4.0 (default 0.88). CV input adds ±0.35 per volt.
• DECAY: Amplitude envelope decay time, 10–1000 ms (default 136 ms). Exponential decay shape. CV input adds ±100 ms per volt.

Timbre Section (Right Column)

• FOLD: Post-filter drive intensity, 0–10 (default 0.3). Below 0.01 the drive is bypassed. Uses tanh saturation with adjustable gain. Labeled DRIVE on the panel. CV input adds ±1 per volt.
• MODE LED: Click to cycle through four waveshaper types. Right-click to select directly.
  • Amber — PM: Phase Modulation (classic FM synthesis). Modulates oscillator phase for harmonic complexity.
  • Rose — RM: Ring Modulation. Multiplies signal with a secondary oscillator for metallic timbres.
  • Green — AM: Amplitude Modulation. Modulates signal amplitude for sidebands and tremolo effects.
  • Blue — SYNC: Hard Sync. Resets oscillator phase on zero crossings for aggressive harmonic textures.
• SAMPLE: Phase modulation amount from loaded WAV sample, 0–10 (default 0). The sample is read at the oscillator frequency and its value modulates the sine phase. The FM index follows the pitch envelope, decaying with BEND. Has no effect when no sample is loaded. CV input adds ±1 per volt.
• LOAD button: Click to open a file dialog for loading a WAV sample. When loaded, displays the scrolling filename. Right-click to clear. The WAV is resampled to a 1024-point table.
• FEEDBACK: Self-feedback phase modulation amount, 0–1.0 (default 0). Uses the average of the previous two output samples fed back into the oscillator phase, following the Yamaha DX approach. Low values add subtle harmonics; higher values produce chaotic, metallic tones. CV input adds ±0.1 per volt.
• TONE: Low-pass filter cutoff, mapped logarithmically from 40 Hz to 20 kHz (knob range 0–10, default 10 = fully open). 4-pole cascaded one-pole filters with tan() frequency warping provide 24 dB/oct rolloff. CV input adds ±1 per volt.

Inputs

• TRIG: Trigger input. Schmitt trigger detection (0.1V low, 2V high). Resets all envelopes, oscillator phase, and filter state.
• ACCENT: Velocity-style input (0–10V). Voltage is sampled at the moment of trigger and scaled to 0–1, then multiplied with the output amplitude. When disconnected, defaults to 1.0 (full level).
• PITCH CV: V/Oct pitch modulation. 1V doubles the frequency.
• SWEEP CV: Sweep amount modulation (±50 Hz/V).
• BEND CV: Bend curve modulation (±0.35/V).
• DECAY CV: Decay time modulation (±100 ms/V).
• FOLD CV: Waveshaper drive modulation (±1/V).
• SAMPLE CV: Sample PM amount modulation (±1/V).
• FB CV: Feedback amount modulation (±0.1/V).
• TONE CV: Filter cutoff modulation (±1/V).

Output

• OUT: Kick drum audio output (±5V peak).

Right-Click Menu

• 2x Oversample: Toggle 2x oversampling. When enabled, the DSP core runs at double the sample rate and is downsampled via SST HalfRateFilter. Reduces aliasing from waveshaping and feedback at the cost of higher CPU usage.
• Panel theme and contrast: Standard MADZINE theme settings.

Technical Specifications

• Module width: 8HP
• Oscillator: Sine with phase modulation
• Pitch range: 20–200 Hz base, up to 700 Hz with sweep
• Waveshaper: 4 selectable transfer functions
• Filter: 4-pole 24 dB/oct LPF (40 Hz–20 kHz)
• Sample table: 1024 points, linear interpolation
• Oversampling: 1x or 2x (block size 8)
• Output level: ±5V peak
• Trigger threshold: 0.1V low / 2V high
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• FM Mode: FM interaction mode selector. Click to cycle through 4 modes: PM (phase modulation), RM (ring modulation), AM (amplitude modulation), SYNC (hard sync).

Overview

Dual-phase LFO designed for creating swing grooves and complex modulation. Generates two oscillators with configurable phase offset, each with morphable waveshape. The swing parameter delays the second phase, and the mix control blends between them to create timing variations characteristic of swing rhythms in jazz and electronic music.

Signal Flow

Two independent phase accumulators run at the same frequency. The second phase is offset by the swing amount. Each phase generates both SAW and PULSE waveforms, which are then crossfaded using the MIX parameter.

Frequency Control

• Range: 0.125Hz to 128Hz (exponential scaling)
• Default: Approximately 3Hz
• CV: 1V/octave response with attenuverter

Swing Control

• Range: 0.0 to 1.0 (adjusts phase offset from 180° to 90°)
• At 0%: Second phase is 180° ahead (opposite phase)
• At 100%: Second phase is 90° ahead (quarter cycle)
• Default: Approximately 153°, providing a classic swing feel
• CV: ±10V with attenuverter

Shape Control (SAW Output)

• Range 0.0-0.5: Morphs from falling ramp to triangle
• At 0: Falling ramp waveform
• At 0.5: Triangle waveform
• Range 0.5-1.0: Morphs from triangle to rising sawtooth
• At 1.0: Rising sawtooth waveform
• Transition: Smooth crossfade between shapes

Shape Control (PULSE Output)

• Duty Cycle: Controlled by SHAPE parameter
• At Shape 0: 1% duty cycle (very narrow pulse)
• At Shape 1: 30% duty cycle
• Output: 10V during pulse, 0V otherwise

Mix Control

• Range: 0.0 to 1.0
• At 0: Only main phase output
• At 0.5: Equal blend of both phases
• At 1: Only swing phase output
• Default: 0.384 (slightly favoring main phase)

Reset Input

• Threshold: 2.0V rising edge
• Action: Resets main phase to 0, second phase to calculated offset
• Use Case: Sync to external clock or sequencer for tempo-locked swing

Outputs

• Saw Wave: Shaped waveform (0-10V unipolar). Morphs through falling ramp → triangle → rising saw.
• Pulse Wave: Variable width pulse (0-10V unipolar). Width controlled by SHAPE parameter.

Parameter Reference

• Frequency: LFO rate 0.125Hz-128Hz (exponential, base 2). Default ~3Hz. CV: 1V/octave.
• Swing: Phase offset 180°-90° (0.0-1.0). Default ~153°. Display unit: degrees.
• Shape: Waveform morphing 0-100%. SAW: ramp→tri→saw. PULSE: 1-30% duty cycle.
• Mix: Crossfade main/swing phase (0.0-1.0). Default 0.384.
• Freq CV Attenuverter: Attenuverter for Frequency CV input (-1.0 to +1.0).
• Swing CV Attenuverter: Attenuverter for Swing CV input (-1.0 to +1.0).
• Shape CV Attenuverter: Attenuverter for Shape CV input (-1.0 to +1.0).
• Mix CV Attenuverter: Attenuverter for Mix CV input (-1.0 to +1.0).
• Frequency CV: 1V/octave frequency modulation input.
• Swing CV: Swing amount modulation input (±10V).
• Shape CV: Shape modulation input (±10V).
• Reset: Reset trigger input. 2.0V rising edge threshold.
• Mix CV: Mix modulation input (±10V).

Technical Specifications

• Frequency range: 0.125Hz to 128Hz (exponential 1V/oct)
• Phase offset range: 90° to 180°
• SAW output: 0-10V unipolar
• PULSE output: 0-10V unipolar, 1-30% duty cycle
• CV input range: ±10V (all CV inputs)
• Reset threshold: 2.0V rising edge
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Module width: 4HP

Overview

Three-track Euclidean rhythm generator with per-track clock division/multiplication, CV modulation, and chain outputs for sequential track switching. Uses a floor-based even distribution algorithm to spread beats evenly across sequence length - a mathematical approach that produces patterns found in traditional music from Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East.

Euclidean Rhythm

• Principle: Distributes hits as evenly as possible across the pattern length
• FILL: Determines the number of hits in the pattern. Higher fill = more hits.
• SHIFT: Rotates the pattern starting point without changing rhythm density
• Recalculation: Pattern updates immediately when FILL, LEN, or SHIFT changes
• Example: E(5,8) = [xx.xx.x.] distributes 5 hits evenly across 8 steps

Clock Division/Multiplication

• Range: -3 to +3 (snapped to integers)
• Negative Values: Division. -1 = /2x, -2 = /3x, -3 = /4x
• Positive Values: Multiplication. +1 = 2x, +2 = 3x, +3 = 4x
• Zero: 1:1 ratio (no change)
• Implementation: Tracks elapsed time since last global clock, generates internal triggers at multiplied rate or counts down for division
• Gate Length: 50% of the effective clock period, minimum 1ms

Global Controls

• CLK: Global clock input. Period is measured between rising edges (Schmitt trigger). Valid range: 10ms to 10s.
• RST: Reset input + manual button. Rising edge resets all tracks to step 0 and clears all state.

Per-Track Controls

• LEN: Sequence length (1-32 steps, snapped). Default: 16. CV adds volts × attenuverter to base value.
• FILL: Active steps as percentage (0-100%). Default: T1=100%, T2=50%, T3=25%. CV adds volts × attenuverter × 10.
• SHFT: Pattern rotation (0 to 31 steps, snapped; clamped to length-1 in processing). Rotates pattern left by shift amount.
• D/M: Clock division/multiplication (-3 to +3). Default: T1=0, T2=+1 (2x), T3=+2 (3x).
• Attenuverters: ±1.0 range for each CV input (Length, Fill, Shift).

Chain Outputs

Chain outputs play tracks sequentially, switching to the next track after the current track completes one full cycle.

• 1+2: Alternates T1 → T2 → T1 → T2...
• 2+3: Alternates T2 → T3 → T2 → T3...
• 1213 (1+2+3): Sequence T1 → T2 → T1 → T3 → repeat. This creates an A-B-A-C pattern.
• Cycle Length: Each track completes one cycle based on its length and clock division/multiplication settings
• LED Indicators: Show which track is currently active in each chain

OR (Master) Output

• Function: Outputs 10V when ANY of the three tracks fires
• RGB LED: Red = T1 active, Green = T2 active, Blue = T3 active (30ms hold)
• Use Case: Composite trigger for driving external modules

Outputs

• OUT 1/2/3: Individual track triggers (0V or 10V, 10ms pulse)
• 1+2: Chain output for tracks 1 and 2
• 2+3: Chain output for tracks 2 and 3
• 1213: Chain output following T1→T2→T1→T3 pattern
• OR: Logical OR of all three track outputs

Technical Specifications

• Clock input: Rising edge at Schmitt trigger threshold
• Clock period range: 10ms to 10s (clamped)
• Pattern length: 1-32 steps per track
• Clock div/mult: /4x to 4x per track
• Trigger pulse width: 10ms
• Trigger voltage: 10V
• CV input range: ±10V
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Module width: 8HP

Parameter Reference

• Global Clock: Global clock input. Period measured between rising edges. Valid range 10ms-10s.
• Global Reset: Reset input. Rising edge resets all tracks to step 0.
• Manual Reset: Manual reset button. Same function as Global Reset input.
• T1 Length: Track 1 sequence length (1-32 steps, snapped). Default: 16.
• T1 Fill: Track 1 active steps percentage (0-100%). Default: 100%.
• T1 Shift: Track 1 pattern rotation (0-31 steps, snapped). Default: 0.
• T1 Div/Mult: Track 1 clock division/multiplication (-3 to +3). Default: 0 (1x).
• T1 Length CV: Track 1 length CV attenuverter/input (-1.0 to +1.0).
• T1 Fill CV: Track 1 fill CV attenuverter/input (-1.0 to +1.0).
• T1 Shift CV: Track 1 shift CV attenuverter/input (-1.0 to +1.0).
• T2 Length: Track 2 sequence length (1-32 steps). Default: 16.
• T2 Fill: Track 2 active steps percentage (0-100%). Default: 50%.
• T2 Shift: Track 2 pattern rotation (0-31 steps). Default: 0.
• T2 Div/Mult: Track 2 clock division/multiplication. Default: +1 (2x).
• T2 Length CV: Track 2 length CV attenuverter/input.
• T2 Fill CV: Track 2 fill CV attenuverter/input.
• T2 Shift CV: Track 2 shift CV attenuverter/input.
• T3 Length: Track 3 sequence length (1-32 steps). Default: 16.
• T3 Fill: Track 3 active steps percentage (0-100%). Default: 25%.
• T3 Shift: Track 3 pattern rotation (0-31 steps). Default: 0.
• T3 Div/Mult: Track 3 clock division/multiplication. Default: +2 (3x).
• T3 Length CV: Track 3 length CV attenuverter/input.
• T3 Fill CV: Track 3 fill CV attenuverter/input.
• T3 Shift CV: Track 3 shift CV attenuverter/input.
• T1 Trigger: Track 1 trigger output (0V or 10V, 10ms pulse).
• T2 Trigger: Track 2 trigger output (0V or 10V, 10ms pulse).
• T3 Trigger: Track 3 trigger output (0V or 10V, 10ms pulse).
• Master Trigger Sum: OR output, 10V when any track fires.
• Chain 1+2: Chain output alternating T1 and T2.
• Chain 2+3: Chain output alternating T2 and T3.
• Chain 1+2+3: Chain output following T1-T2-T1-T3 pattern.

Overview

Three-track Attack-Decay envelope generator with dual processing modes, designed for both traditional trigger-based operation and advanced audio-following applications. Each track operates independently with its own envelope parameters while sharing global offset controls. The innovative Follower mode enables hybrid processing that responds to both discrete triggers and continuous audio dynamics.

Signal Flow Architecture

Input → [Auto-Route Selection] → [Optional 4-Stage BPF] → [Envelope Generator] → [Optional Gain Stage] → Output. When Follower is enabled, the signal passes through a cascaded bandpass filter before envelope detection. The envelope generator operates in hybrid mode, outputting the maximum of trigger-based and amplitude-following envelopes.

Global Controls

• Attack All: Global attack time offset (-1.0 to +1.0). Adds up to ±0.5s offset to all track attack times. Useful for simultaneously shifting all envelopes faster or slower.
• Decay All: Global decay time offset (-1.0 to +1.0). Same behavior as Attack All but for decay times.
• Auto Route: Auto-route toggle (default: ON). When enabled, Track 1 input is internally routed to all three tracks, allowing single-source multi-band envelope extraction when combined with different BPF frequencies.

Per-Track Envelope Controls

• Track 1 Trigger: Trigger or audio input for Track 1. In Trigger-only mode, uses Schmitt trigger detection. In Hybrid mode, requires >9.5V for trigger while following audio dynamics.
• Track 2 Trigger: Trigger or audio input for Track 2. Same behavior as Track 1.
• Track 3 Trigger: Trigger or audio input for Track 3. Same behavior as Track 1.
• Track 1 Attack: Attack time with exponential scaling. Formula: 10^((param-0.5)*6). At 0%: ~1ms, at 50%: ~1s. Default: 0.002.
• Track 2 Attack: Attack time for Track 2. Same scaling. Default: 0.
• Track 3 Attack: Attack time for Track 3. Same scaling. Default: 0.
• Track 1 Decay: Decay time with identical exponential scaling. Default: 0.3 (~63ms actual time).
• Track 2 Decay: Decay time for Track 2. Default: 0.3.
• Track 3 Decay: Decay time for Track 3. Default: 0.3.
• Track 1 Curve: S-curve shaping (-0.99 to +0.99). Negative = exponential, positive = logarithmic. Default: -0.748.
• Track 2 Curve: S-curve shaping for Track 2. Default: -0.832.
• Track 3 Curve: S-curve shaping for Track 3. Default: -0.731.

Follower Mode Controls

• Track 1 BPF Enable: Toggle between Trigger-only (OFF) and Hybrid (ON) modes for Track 1. Blue LED indicates active state.
• Track 2 BPF Enable: Toggle Hybrid mode for Track 2.
• Track 3 BPF Enable: Toggle Hybrid mode for Track 3.
• Track 1 BPF Frequency: 4-stage cascaded bandpass filter center frequency (20Hz-8kHz). Default: 200Hz (bass).
• Track 2 BPF Frequency: BPF center frequency for Track 2. Default: 1kHz (mid).
• Track 3 BPF Frequency: BPF center frequency for Track 3. Default: 5kHz (high).
• Track 1 BPF Gain: Post-filter output gain (0.1x-100x). Default: 3.0x.
• Track 2 BPF Gain: Post-filter gain for Track 2. Default: 3.0x.
• Track 3 BPF Gain: Post-filter gain for Track 3. Default: 3.0x.

Processing Modes Explained

• Trigger-Only (Follower OFF): Classic AD envelope behavior. Envelope triggers on rising edge using standard Schmitt trigger detection. Attack phase ramps from 0 to peak, then Decay phase returns to 0. Ignores audio content between triggers.
• Hybrid (Follower ON): Advanced dual-engine processing. Runs BOTH trigger envelope AND amplitude follower simultaneously, outputting the MAXIMUM of both. The follower uses rectified input with configurable attack/release coefficients. This mode excels at extracting dynamics from complex audio while still responding to explicit triggers.

Outputs

• Track 1 Envelope: Track 1 envelope output (0-10V). When Follower is ON, output is multiplied by GAIN setting.
• Track 2 Envelope: Track 2 envelope output (0-10V). Same behavior.
• Track 3 Envelope: Track 3 envelope output (0-10V). Same behavior.
• Sum: Mixed output of all three tracks with 0.33x scaling per track to prevent clipping. Final output clamped to 0-10V.

Creative Applications

• Multi-band Dynamics: Enable Auto-Route, set different BPF frequencies (e.g., 100Hz/800Hz/4kHz), and use outputs to control frequency-specific VCAs or filters.
• Drum Envelope Extraction: Feed a drum loop, enable Follower mode, tune FREQ to isolate kick (low), snare (mid), or hi-hat (high) dynamics.
• Sidechain Ducking: Use individual outputs to modulate other module parameters based on specific frequency content.
• Polyrhythmic Triggers: With Auto-Route OFF, feed different clock divisions to each track for complex envelope patterns.

Technical Specifications

• Input voltage: ±10V (audio/CV), trigger threshold: Schmitt trigger (Trigger-only) / 9.5V (Hybrid)
• Output voltage: 0-10V (unipolar envelope); may exceed 10V when Follower ON with GAIN >1x
• Attack/Decay range: ~1ms to ~1000s (exponential mapping)
• BPF: 4-stage cascaded bandpass, 20Hz-8kHz
• Envelope follower: Attack coeff = 1-exp(-dt/(ATK*0.1)), Release coeff = 1-exp(-dt/(DEC*0.5))
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Module width: 8HP

Right-Click Menu

• Panel Theme: Light / Dark panel appearance

Overview

Three-track decay envelope generator with real-time oscilloscope display and S-curve shaping algorithm. Each track features independent trigger, decay time with CV modulation, and curve shaping. The oscilloscope display shows all three envelopes simultaneously with colors matching their input cables.

Signal Flow

Trigger → Attack Phase → Decay Phase → Output. Each track runs independently with its own envelope state machine tracking attack/decay phases and current level.

S-Curve Envelope Algorithm

• Implementation: Uses smoothDecayEnvelope() with dual-k interpolation for natural envelope shapes
• Front K: Controls initial curve steepness, ranging -0.9 to -0.4
• Back K: Controls tail curve, ranging -1.0 to 0.6
• K Crossfade: Linear interpolation from frontK to backK as envelope progresses
• Shape Behavior: Weighted interpolation between target and current, with k varying through decay
• At Shape 0: Linear decay (frontK ≈ -0.9, backK ≈ -1.0)
• At Shape 1: Exponential decay with long tail (frontK ≈ -0.4, backK ≈ 0.6)

Per-Track Controls (T1, T2, T3)

• Track 1 Trigger / Track 2 Trigger / Track 3 Trigger: Rising edge detection with Schmitt trigger (low: 0.1V, high: 2.0V).
• Track 1 Decay Time / Track 2 Decay Time / Track 3 Decay Time: Decay time 0.01-2.0 seconds (default: 1.0s, unit: s)
• Track 1 Shape / Track 2 Shape / Track 3 Shape: Envelope curve shape 0 to 0.99 (default: 0.5). Lower values create faster initial decay, higher values create longer tails with slower initial decay.
• Track 1 Decay CV / Track 2 Decay CV / Track 3 Decay CV: Decay time CV modulation input (±10V), additive and scaled by attenuator
• Track 1 Decay CV Amount / Track 2 Decay CV Amount / Track 3 Decay CV Amount: Hidden small knob (0-100%, default: 50%) controlling CV depth

Attack Phase

• Attack Time: Configurable 1.0-20ms per track via right-click menu
• Default: 1.0ms (nearly instantaneous)
• Algorithm: Linear ramp from current value (or 0 if not retriggering) to 10V
• Menu Options: 1.0ms, 1ms, 2ms, 5ms, 10ms, 20ms

Retrigger Behavior

• Off (Default): New trigger resets envelope to 0V, then attack phase begins
• On: New trigger starts attack from current envelope value, preventing amplitude discontinuities
• Use Case: Retrigger mode creates smoother overlapping envelopes for fast trigger sequences

Scope Display

• Buffer Size: 128 samples per track (BUFFER_SIZE constant)
• Color Matching: Each waveform adopts the color of its connected input cable via PortWidget API
• Time: Adjustable via hidden time parameter (click and drag on display)
• Y-axis: 0-10V mapped to display height
• Rendering: Anti-aliased line drawing at display refresh rate

Outputs

• Track 1 Envelope / Track 2 Envelope / Track 3 Envelope: Individual track envelope outputs (0-10V unipolar)
• Polyphonic: Each output is monophonic (1 channel)

Technical Specifications

• Trigger input range: ±10V (Schmitt trigger: 0.1V low, 2.0V high)
• CV input range: ±10V
• Output range: 0-10V unipolar
• Attack time: 1.0-20ms (configurable per track)
• Decay time: 10ms to 2 seconds
• Shape range: 0 to 0.99
• Scope buffer: 128 samples per track
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Module width: 4HP

Right-Click Menu

• Track 1/2/3 Attack Time: Select attack duration per track (1.0ms, 1ms, 2ms, 5ms, 10ms, 20ms)
• Retrigger: Enable/disable retriggering from current value (global setting)
• Track 1 Shape: Envelope shape for Track 1 (0-0.99). Controls the curve of the decay phase. 0=linear, higher=more exponential.
• Track 2 Shape: Envelope shape for Track 2 (0-0.99). Controls the curve of the decay phase. 0=linear, higher=more exponential.
• Track 1 Decay CV Amount: CV attenuator for Track 1 decay time modulation (0-100%). Default 50%.
• Track 2 Decay CV Amount: CV attenuator for Track 2 decay time modulation (0-100%). Default 50%.
• Track 1 Trigger: Trigger input for Track 1 envelope.
• Track 2 Trigger: Trigger input for Track 2 envelope.
• Track 1 Decay CV: CV input for Track 1 decay time modulation. Scaled by Track 1 Decay CV Amount.
• Track 2 Decay CV: CV input for Track 2 decay time modulation. Scaled by Track 2 Decay CV Amount.
• Track 1 Envelope: Envelope output for Track 1 (0-10V).
• Track 2 Envelope: Envelope output for Track 2 (0-10V).
• Track 3 Shape: Envelope shape for Track 3 (0-0.99). Controls the curve of the decay phase. 0=linear, higher=more exponential.
• Track 3 Decay CV Amount: CV attenuator for Track 3 decay time modulation (0-100%). Default 50%.
• Track 3 Trigger: Trigger input for Track 3 envelope.
• Track 3 Decay CV: CV input for Track 3 decay time modulation. Scaled by Track 3 Decay CV Amount.
• Track 3 Envelope: Envelope output for Track 3 (0-10V).

Overview

Minimalist CV sequencer with five voltage knobs mapped to sequence steps via three pattern algorithms. Density controls the number of active knobs, chaos adds randomization, and a dual-delay system combines shift register (step-based) and CVD (time-based) for creating polyrhythmic textures.

Signal Flow

Clock → Step Counter → [Knob Mapping via Style] → CV OUT. CV2 receives the same sequence through shift register delay then optional CVD time delay.

Density Parameter

• Range 0.0-0.2: 2 primary knobs (K1-K2)
• Range 0.2-0.4: 3 primary knobs (K1-K3)
• Range 0.4-0.6: 4 primary knobs (K1-K4)
• Range 0.6-1.0: 5 primary knobs (K1-K5)
• High Density Bonus: Above 0.8, additional pattern variations every clamp(length/8, 3, 8) steps
• Unused Knobs: Inserted at regular intervals even when not primary

Style Modes

• Sequential (Red LED): Simple cycle through primary knobs, wrapping at pattern length
• Custom (Green LED): User-defined pattern editable via right-click menu. Default is a 32-step Steve Reich-inspired motif. Enter knob numbers 1-5 to define your own pattern.
• Jump (Blue LED): Alternates between distant knobs using pattern [0,2,4,1,3]. Creates wider melodic intervals.

Custom Pattern

• Access: Right-click menu → Custom Pattern section
• Format: Enter numbers 1-5 representing knobs (e.g., "12312345")
• Default: 32-step phasing pattern [1,2,3,1,2,3,4,5,4,5,1,2,3,1,2,3,4,5,4,5,2,4,3,5,1,3,2,4,1,5,3,2]
• Density Interaction: Pattern values are clamped to available knobs based on Density setting

Chaos Parameter

• Step Randomization: Randomizes up to 50% of steps based on chaos amount
• High Chaos (>50%): Randomly selects knobs outside the density range, creating unexpected variations
• Result: Higher chaos creates less predictable, more generative sequences

Voltage Knobs (K1-K5)

• Range: -10V to +10V each
• Defaults: K1=0V, K2=2V, K3=4V, K4=6V, K5=8V (ascending pattern)
• Use Case: Set to scale notes for melodic sequences, or arbitrary values for modulation

Trigger Generation

• TRIG Output: Generates 10ms pulse when CV value changes from previous step
• TRIG2 Output: Generates 10ms pulse when CV2 value changes
• No Trigger: If consecutive steps output the same voltage, no trigger fires

Delay System (Track 2)

• T2.DLY (Shift Register): 0-5 step delay. Stores last 8 CV values in circular buffer. LED brightness indicates delay amount.
• CVD (Time Delay): 0-1000ms continuous delay. Buffer size: 192,000 samples (~4.3s at 44.1kHz).
• CV Modulation: When CVD CV input is connected, knob acts as attenuator for CV. Formula: (CV/10V) × knob × 1000 = delay time in ms.
• Combined Delay: CV2 = CVD_delay(shift_register[step - T2.DLY])

Outputs

• CV OUT: Main sequence output (current knob voltage)
• TRIG: Trigger on CV change (10ms pulse)
• CV2: Delayed sequence (shift register + CVD)
• TRIG2: Trigger on CV2 change (10ms pulse)

Technical Specifications

• Knob voltage range: ±10V
• Sequence length: 8-48 steps
• Shift register delay: 0-5 steps
• CVD delay: 0-1000ms
• CVD buffer: 192,000 samples
• Trigger pulse width: 10ms
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Module width: 4HP

CPU Optimization

• Pattern mapping regenerated only when DENSITY, CHAOS, or STYLE parameters change, on Reset, or on preset load - not on every clock

Parameter Reference

• K1: Voltage knob 1. Range -10V to +10V, default 0V.
• K2: Voltage knob 2. Range -10V to +10V, default 2V.
• K3: Voltage knob 3. Range -10V to +10V, default 4V.
• K4: Voltage knob 4. Range -10V to +10V, default 6V.
• K5: Voltage knob 5. Range -10V to +10V, default 8V.
• Mode: Pattern style selector. Sequential (Red), Custom (Green), Jump (Blue).
• Density: Controls active knob count and sequence length (8-48 steps).
• Chaos: Randomization amount 0-100%. Higher values create less predictable sequences.
• CVD Time/Attenuation: CVD delay time 0-1000ms. Acts as attenuator when CV input is connected.
• Delay: Shift register delay 0-5 steps for Track 2.
• Clock: Clock input. Rising edge advances the step counter.
• Reset: Reset input. Rising edge resets step counter to 0.
• CVD Time CV: CV input for CVD delay time modulation (0-10V).
• CV: Main CV sequence output (current knob voltage).
• Trigger: Trigger output. 10ms pulse when CV value changes from previous step.
• CV2: Delayed CV sequence output. Applies shift register delay then CVD time delay to the main sequence.
• Trigger 2: Trigger output for CV2. 10ms pulse when delayed CV value changes.

Overview

Stereo VCA mixer channel with automatic mono-to-stereo conversion, sidechain ducking, and cascade bus integration. Features 16-channel polyphonic processing, making it suitable for both simple mono sources and complex polyphonic signals. Multiple U8 modules can be chained together to build larger mixing systems.

Signal Flow

Input L/R → [Mono-to-Stereo if needed] → [Level × CV] → [Sidechain Ducking] → [Mute] → [+ Chain Input] → Output L/R. All processing maintains polyphonic channel separation.

Mono-to-Stereo Conversion

• Detection: Automatic when only LEFT input is connected (RIGHT disconnected)
• Delay Amount: Fixed 20ms delay on right channel
• Buffer Size: 2048 samples per polyphonic channel
• Sample Calculation: Delay samples based on 20ms at current sample rate
• Buffer Implementation: Circular buffer with read/write pointers
• Purpose: Creates stereo width from mono source via Haas effect
• When Stereo: Both inputs connected, delay is bypassed, signals pass through directly

Auto-Patch Feature

• Automatic Chain Connection: When U8 modules are placed adjacent to each other, chain cables are automatically created
• Cross-Module Support: Works with U8, YAMANOTE, ALEXANDERPLATZ, and SHINJUKU modules on the right side
• Cable Color: Yellow (#FFCC00) matching the Berlin U-Bahn U8 train color
• Non-Destructive: Auto cables are only created if the target input is not already connected
• Dynamic: Cables automatically update when modules are moved or removed

Level Control

• Knob Range: 0.0 to 2.0 (0% to 200% gain)
• Default: 1.0 (unity gain)
• CV Modulation: CV adds to knob value (final gain clamped 0-2.0)
• CV Range: \u00b110V (adds \u00b1100% to knob value, final gain clamped 0-2.0)
• Polyphonic: Same gain applied to all 16 channels

Sidechain Ducking

• Duck Input: Expects 0-10V envelope signal (typically from kick or bass)
• Duck Amount: 0.0 to 1.0 (controls attenuation depth)
• Ducking Behavior: Duck CV reduces gain proportionally, scaled by duck amount with 3x multiplier
• Maximum Attenuation: At duck=1.0 with 10V input, gain reduces to zero (full silence)
• At Duck 0: No attenuation regardless of input
• At Duck 1: Full 10V input causes complete silence
• Typical Use: Feed kick drum envelope to duck pads or bass for cleaner mix

Mute Function

• Button: Toggle mute on/off with LED indicator
• Trigger Input: Rising edge (2.0V threshold) toggles mute state
• LED Color: Red when muted, dark when unmuted
• When Muted: Channel output is zeroed, chain signal passes through unaffected

Solo Function

• Button: Toggle solo on/off with LED indicator
• Trigger Input: Rising edge (2.0V threshold) toggles solo state
• LED Color: Green when soloed
• When Soloed: All other non-soloed channels in the chain are muted

Cross-Module Solo

• Chain Detection: Solo state is shared across adjacent U8, ALEXANDERPLATZ, and SHINJUKU modules
• Exclusive Solo: Hold solo button for 400ms to activate exclusive mode (cancels all other solos in chain)
• Visual Feedback: Mute LED lights up when channel is silenced by another channel's solo

Chain Bus Integration

• CHAIN L/R Inputs: Receives signal from previous U8 module in chain
• Summation: Processed signal added to chain input
• Polyphonic: Chain signals maintain up to 16 polyphonic channels
• Cascading: Connect multiple U8 modules by linking OUT to next module's CHAIN
• Bypass Mode: When module is bypassed, chain input passes directly to output

Polyphonic Processing

• Channel Count: Supports up to 16 polyphonic channels
• Channel Detection: Automatically detects input polyphony
• Output Channels: Matches input channel count
• Per-Channel Delay: Each polyphonic channel has independent 2048-sample delay buffer
• Memory: Total delay buffer: 2048 × 16 × 2 (L/R) = 65,536 samples

Controls

• LEVEL Knob: Channel gain 0-200%
• LEVEL CV: Gain modulation input (\u00b110V)
• DUCK Knob: Sidechain ducking depth 0-100%
• DUCK CV: Sidechain control input (expects envelope 0-10V)
• MUTE Button: Toggle channel mute with LED
• MUTE TRIG: External mute toggle trigger
• SOLO Button: Toggle channel solo with LED. Hold 400ms for exclusive solo.
• SOLO TRIG: External solo toggle trigger

VU Meter

• Display: Dual horizontal bar meters (L/R) located below the input jacks
• Metering Point: Pre-level, pre-mute input signal (does not include chain)
• Reference: 0 dB = 5V
• Range: -36 dB to +6 dB
• Ballistics: 5ms attack, 300ms release (exponential smoothing)
• Color: Green-to-red gradient, red highlight above 0 dB
• Mono Mode: When only left input is connected, both meters show the same level

Inputs

• LEFT: Left audio input (polyphonic, up to 16 channels)
• RIGHT: Right audio input (polyphonic). If disconnected, mono-to-stereo mode activates.
• CHAIN L: Left chain bus input from previous U8
• CHAIN R: Right chain bus input from previous U8

Outputs

• OUT L: Processed left output + chain sum (polyphonic)
• OUT R: Processed right output + chain sum (polyphonic)

Technical Specifications

• Audio input/output: ±10V
• CV input: \u00b110V (level), 0-10V (duck)
• Trigger threshold: 2.0V rising edge
• Polyphony: Up to 16 channels
• Mono-to-stereo delay: 20ms (882 samples at 44.1kHz)
• Delay buffer: 2048 samples per channel
• Level range: 0-200%
• Duck attenuation: 0-300%
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Module width: 4HP

Parameter Reference

• Level: Channel gain knob. Range 0-200%, default 100% (unity gain).
• Duck Level: Sidechain ducking depth. Range 0-100%, default 0%.
• Mute: Toggle mute button with red LED indicator.
• Solo: Toggle solo button with green LED. Hold 400ms for exclusive solo.
• Left Audio: Left audio input (polyphonic, up to 16 channels).
• Right Audio: Right audio input (polyphonic). Mono-to-stereo mode when disconnected.
• Duck Signal: Sidechain control input. Expects 0-10V envelope signal.
• Level CV: Level modulation CV input (\u00b110V).
• Mute Trigger: External mute toggle trigger input (2.0V threshold).
• Solo Trigger: External solo toggle trigger input (2.0V threshold).
• Chain Left: Left chain bus input from previous mixer module.
• Chain Right: Right chain bus input from previous mixer module.

Overview

8-channel stereo send/return mixer with dual aux send buses and integrated return processing. Designed as a companion to U8 for building complete modular mixing systems. Features full polyphonic support up to 16 channels and automatic mono-to-stereo conversion per input channel.

Signal Flow

Input Channels → Send Buses (A/B) → [External Effects] → Return Inputs → Mix Output. Send outputs accumulate signals from left-adjacent YAMANOTE modules via expander communication, enabling shared send buses across multiple YAMANOTE modules. Mix output sums Return A + Return B + Chain Input. All send and mix outputs are clamped to ±10V. Dry signal from input channels does not pass to mix output; use U8 for direct mixing.

Polyphonic Processing

• Channel Detection: Automatically detects maximum polyphonic channel count across all inputs
• Output Channels: All outputs match the maximum detected polyphonic count
• Per-Channel Processing: Each polyphonic channel processed independently through send buses
• Maximum Polyphony: 16 channels (VCV Rack standard)

Per-Channel Controls (CH1-CH8)

• L Input: Left audio input (polyphonic). If polyphonic, each channel processed independently.
• R Input: Right audio input (polyphonic). If unconnected, Left input is copied to Right.
• Send A Knob: Send level to aux bus A (0.0-1.0, default: 0.0). Input signal scaled by knob position and added to bus A.
• Send B Knob: Send level to aux bus B (0.0-1.0, default: 0.0). Input signal scaled by knob position and added to bus B.

Send Bus Architecture

• Send A/B Calculation: Sum of all 8 channels weighted by their respective send levels, plus accumulated send signals from left-adjacent YAMANOTE via expander
• Expander Accumulation: When multiple YAMANOTE modules are chained, send signals accumulate from left to right. The rightmost YAMANOTE outputs the combined send of all chained modules.
• Stereo Processing: Left and right processed independently through separate sum accumulators
• Output Clamping: All send outputs are hard-clamped to ±10V to prevent clipping
• Typical Use: Connect send outputs to reverb/delay inputs, return outputs back to Return inputs

Send/Return Section

• SEND A L/R: Stereo aux send A outputs (polyphonic)
• SEND B L/R: Stereo aux send B outputs (polyphonic)
• RETURN A L/R: Stereo return A inputs from external effects (polyphonic)
• RETURN B L/R: Stereo return B inputs from external effects (polyphonic)

Master Section

• CHAIN L/R: Chain input from previous mixer module (polyphonic). Used for cascading multiple YAMANOTE or U8 modules.
• MIX L/R: Final stereo mix output (polyphonic). Sums Return A, Return B, and Chain inputs. Clamped to ±10V.

Bypass Behavior

• When Bypassed: Chain input passes directly to Mix output, maintaining signal flow
• Send Outputs: Not affected by bypass (become silent)
• Purpose: Allows temporarily removing effects from chain without breaking mixer cascade

Typical Patch Configuration

• Effects Send: SEND A → Reverb input → Reverb output → RETURN A
• Parallel Effects: SEND B → Delay input → Delay output → RETURN B
• Cascading: Connect MIX L/R to next mixer's CHAIN L/R
• With U8: U8 handles dry channel levels, YAMANOTE handles send/return effects

Auto-Patch Feature

• Automatic Chain Connection: When YAMANOTE modules are placed adjacent to each other, next to U8, ALEXANDERPLATZ, or SHINJUKU modules, chain cables are automatically created
• Cable Color: Green (#80C342) matching the JR Yamanote Line train color
• Auto CH Input: When audio is connected to an adjacent U8, ALEXANDERPLATZ, or SHINJUKU module's input, the same source automatically connects to YAMANOTE's corresponding channel input
• Channel Mapping: Tracks from chained modules are assigned from left to right. U8 provides 1 channel, ALEXANDERPLATZ provides 4 channels (tracks 3→0), SHINJUKU provides 8 channels (tracks 7→0). Multiple YAMANOTE modules share the channels with offset (first YAMANOTE handles leftmost channels, next handles subsequent channels).
• Send/Return Auto-Hide: When another YAMANOTE is placed to the right, Send/Return ports and labels are automatically hidden (signals are accumulated via expander and output from the rightmost YAMANOTE)
• Non-Destructive: Auto cables are only created if the target input is not already connected
• Dynamic: Cables automatically update when modules are moved, removed, or input connections change

Technical Specifications

• Audio input/output: ±10V (outputs clamped to ±10V)
• Send level range: 0.0 to 1.0
• Input channels: 8 stereo pairs (16 inputs total)
• Send buses: 2 stereo (Send A, Send B)
• Polyphony: Up to 16 channels per input
• Mix architecture: Post-return summing (Return A + Return B + Chain)
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Module width: 8HP

Parameter Reference

• CH1 Send A: Channel 1 send level to aux bus A (0.0-1.0).
• CH1 Send B: Channel 1 send level to aux bus B (0.0-1.0).
• CH2 Send A: Channel 2 send level to aux bus A (0.0-1.0).
• CH2 Send B: Channel 2 send level to aux bus B (0.0-1.0).
• CH3 Send A: Channel 3 send level to aux bus A (0.0-1.0).
• CH3 Send B: Channel 3 send level to aux bus B (0.0-1.0).
• CH4 Send A: Channel 4 send level to aux bus A (0.0-1.0).
• CH4 Send B: Channel 4 send level to aux bus B (0.0-1.0).
• CH5 Send A: Channel 5 send level to aux bus A (0.0-1.0).
• CH5 Send B: Channel 5 send level to aux bus B (0.0-1.0).
• CH6 Send A: Channel 6 send level to aux bus A (0.0-1.0).
• CH6 Send B: Channel 6 send level to aux bus B (0.0-1.0).
• CH7 Send A: Channel 7 send level to aux bus A (0.0-1.0).
• CH7 Send B: Channel 7 send level to aux bus B (0.0-1.0).
• CH8 Send A: Channel 8 send level to aux bus A (0.0-1.0).
• CH8 Send B: Channel 8 send level to aux bus B (0.0-1.0).
• CH1 Left: Channel 1 left audio input (polyphonic).
• CH1 Right: Channel 1 right audio input (polyphonic). If unconnected, left is copied.
• CH2 Left: Channel 2 left audio input (polyphonic).
• CH2 Right: Channel 2 right audio input (polyphonic).
• CH3 Left: Channel 3 left audio input (polyphonic).
• CH3 Right: Channel 3 right audio input (polyphonic).
• CH4 Left: Channel 4 left audio input (polyphonic).
• CH4 Right: Channel 4 right audio input (polyphonic).
• CH5 Left: Channel 5 left audio input (polyphonic).
• CH5 Right: Channel 5 right audio input (polyphonic).
• CH6 Left: Channel 6 left audio input (polyphonic).
• CH6 Right: Channel 6 right audio input (polyphonic).
• CH7 Left: Channel 7 left audio input (polyphonic).
• CH7 Right: Channel 7 right audio input (polyphonic).
• CH8 Left: Channel 8 left audio input (polyphonic).
• CH8 Right: Channel 8 right audio input (polyphonic).
• Chain Left: Left chain bus input from previous mixer module (polyphonic).
• Chain Right: Right chain bus input from previous mixer module (polyphonic).
• Return A Left: Stereo return A left input from external effects (polyphonic).
• Return A Right: Stereo return A right input from external effects (polyphonic).
• Return B Left: Stereo return B left input from external effects (polyphonic).
• Return B Right: Stereo return B right input from external effects (polyphonic).
• Send A Left: Stereo aux send A left output (polyphonic).
• Send A Right: Stereo aux send A right output (polyphonic).
• Send B Left: Stereo aux send B left output (polyphonic).
• Send B Right: Stereo aux send B right output (polyphonic).
• Mix Left: Final stereo mix left output (polyphonic). Sums returns and chain.
• Mix Right: Final stereo mix right output (polyphonic). Sums returns and chain.

Overview

4-track stereo mixer with 8-band master EQ, designed as a multi-channel expansion of U8. Features per-track level control with CV modulation, sidechain ducking, mute/solo with cross-module exclusive solo function. The master EQ uses biquad peak filters for precise tonal shaping of the final mix output. Berlin U8 line themed with deep blue color scheme.

Signal Flow

Input L/R (per track) → Level (with CV) → Sidechain Ducking → Mute/Solo → Sum all tracks → Chain Input → 8-band Master EQ → Output L/R. All processing maintains polyphonic channel separation up to 16 channels.

Master EQ

• Bands: 8 frequency bands
• Frequencies: 63Hz, 125Hz, 250Hz, 500Hz, 1kHz, 2kHz, 4kHz, 8kHz
• Gain Range: -12dB to +12dB per band
• Filter Type: Biquad peak EQ (Audio EQ Cookbook)
• Q Factor: Fixed at 1.41 (approximately 1 octave bandwidth)
• Controls: Vertical faders with center detent at 0dB
• Processing: Applied to summed stereo output before final limiting

Per-Track Controls

• INPUT L/R: Stereo audio input (polyphonic). If only L connected, a 20ms delayed copy is sent to R (Haas effect stereo widening).
• LEVEL Knob: Track gain 0-200% (default: 100%)
• LEVEL CV: Gain modulation input (\u00b110V adds \u00b1100% to knob value, final gain clamped 0.0-2.0)
• DUCK Knob: Sidechain ducking depth 0-100%
• DUCK Input: Sidechain control input (expects envelope 0-10V)
• MUTE Button: Toggle track mute with red LED indicator
• SOLO Button: Toggle track solo with green LED indicator
• MUTE/SOLO Triggers: External trigger inputs for mute/solo toggle

Cross-Module Solo

• Chain Detection: Solo state is shared across adjacent U8, ALEXANDERPLATZ, and SHINJUKU modules
• Exclusive Solo: Hold solo button for 400ms to activate exclusive mode (cancels all other solos in chain)
• Visual Feedback: Mute LED lights up when track is silenced by another track's solo

Chain Integration

• CHAIN L/R: Input from previous mixer module in chain
• MIX L/R: Final stereo output (track sum + chain + EQ processed)
• Auto-Patch: Automatically connects to adjacent U8, YAMANOTE, ALEXANDERPLATZ, or SHINJUKU
• Cable Color: Deep blue (#004F7C) matching Berlin U8 line

VU Meters

• Display: Horizontal stereo VU meter per track
• Range: -36dB to +6dB
• Color: Green to red gradient, red zone above 0dB

Technical Specifications

• Audio input/output: ±10V (clamped)
• CV input: 0-10V
• Trigger threshold: 2.0V rising edge
• Polyphony: Up to 16 channels
• Level range: 0-200%
• Duck attenuation: 0-300% (with 3x multiplier)
• EQ gain: ±12dB per band
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Module width: 16HP
• Chain Left: Left channel chain input for daisy-chaining multiple mixer modules.
• Chain Right: Right channel chain input for daisy-chaining multiple mixer modules.
• Mix Left: Main stereo mix left output. Sum of all tracks, EQ, and chain input.
• Mix Right: Main stereo mix right output. Sum of all tracks, EQ, and chain input.
• Left: Per-channel stereo audio input (left channel).
• Right: Per-channel stereo audio input (right channel).
• Level: Per-channel volume control (0-200%, default 100%).
• Duck: Sidechain duck amount (0-100%).
• Mute: Toggle channel mute.
• Solo: Toggle channel solo (exclusive mode available in right-click menu).
• Level CV: CV input for channel volume control.
• Mute Trigger: Trigger input to toggle mute state.
• Solo Trigger: Trigger input to toggle solo state.
• Master EQ: 8-band parametric EQ (63/125/250/500/1K/2K/4K/8K Hz), \u00b112dB per band.

Overview

Serial multi-effects processor combining stereo delay, 16-grain granular processor, and Freeverb-style reverb with modified Lorenz attractor chaos modulation. All three effect stages are connected in series, with independent wet/dry mix per stage. Features full polyphonic processing up to 16 channels with per-channel chaos generators and effect instances.

Signal Flow

Input → [Delay wet/dry] → [GRATCH wet/dry] → [Reverb wet/dry] → Output. Each stage processes the output of the previous stage, creating true serial effects chain. Reverb output is additionally fed back into delay input for extended tails.

Chaos Generator (Lorenz Attractor)

• Type: Modified Lorenz attractor (sigma=7.5, rho=30.9, beta=1.02)
• Behavior: Three coupled variables create unpredictable yet deterministic modulation
• Output: X component scaled and clamped to ±1 range
• Stability Check: Auto-resets if values exceed ±100 or become NaN
• Per-Channel: Each polyphonic channel has independent chaos generator

DELAY Section

• Buffer Size: 96,000 samples per channel (~2 seconds at 48kHz)
• TIME L/R: Independent delay times 1ms-2s (default: 250ms). CV adds ±200ms.
• FDBK: Feedback amount 0-95% (default: 30%). CV adds ±10%.
• C Button (Chaos): When enabled, modulates delay times (±100ms) and feedback (±10%) based on chaos output
• Cross-Feedback: Each channel reads from its own buffer (no ping-pong)

GRATCH Section (Granular)

• Buffer Size: 8,192 samples (~170ms at 48kHz)
• Max Grains: 16 simultaneous grains
• SIZE: Grain duration 1-100ms. Smaller creates glitchy textures, larger creates smooth time-stretch.
• BREAK: Grain trigger rate (density). 0 = few grains, 1 = up to 51 grains/second.
• SHIFT: Buffer read position 0-100%. Determines where in buffer grains start.
• Envelope: Raised cosine (Hanning) window for smooth grain crossfades
• Chaos Effects: Position offset ±20 in normalized space (clamped 0-1), 30% chance reverse playback, 20% chance octave shift (0.5× or 2×, only when density > 0.7)
• Output Normalization: Amplitude scales with active grain count to prevent clipping

REVERB Section (Freeverb-Based)

• Architecture: 8 parallel comb filters + 4 series allpass diffusers
• Comb Filter Sizes (L): 1557, 1617, 1491, 1422 samples (~30-34ms at 48kHz)
• Comb Filter Sizes (R): 1277, 1356, 1188, 1116 samples (~23-28ms at 48kHz)
• Allpass Sizes: 556, 441, 341, 225 samples
• ROOM: Room size 0-100% affects early reflection tap positions. Scale: 0.3-1.7×
• TONE: Damping coefficient 0.05-0.95. Low = dark, high = bright.
• DECAY: Feedback 0.5-0.985. At max, near-infinite reverb tails (10+ seconds).
• Highpass Filter: 100Hz cutoff removes sub-bass buildup
• Chaos Effects: Feedback ±0.5, room offset ±50-70 samples

CHAOS Section

• RATE: Chaos speed. Shape OFF: rate 0.01-1.0 (smooth continuous). Shape ON: rate 1.0-10.0, step update at rate×10 Hz (stepped S&H).
• SHAPE Button: OFF = smooth continuous chaos, ON = sample-and-hold stepped chaos
• AMOUNT: Global chaos intensity multiplier 0-100%
• CHAOS OUT: CV output ±5V for external modulation
• Per-Stage Enable: C buttons on each section enable/disable chaos for that stage

Wet/Dry Mixing

• DELAY: Wet/dry mix after delay stage
• GRATCH: Wet/dry mix after granular stage
• REVERB: Wet/dry mix after reverb stage
• Behavior: Linear crossfade between dry and wet signals

Polyphonic Processing

• Channel Count: Up to 16 polyphonic channels
• Per-Channel Instances: Delay buffers, grain processors, reverb processors, chaos generators
• Memory Usage: ~12MB total delay buffers (96k × 16 × 2 channels)
• CV Handling: CV inputs use channel 0 if polyphony doesn't match

Inputs

• L/R Audio: Stereo input (R normalizes to L if disconnected)
• TIME L/R CV: Delay time modulation
• FDBK CV: Delay feedback modulation
• SIZE/BREAK/SHIFT CV: Granular parameter modulation
• ROOM/TONE/DECAY CV: Reverb parameter modulation

Outputs

• L/R Audio: Stereo processed output (polyphonic)
• CHAOS OUT: Chaos CV output ±5V (polyphonic)

Technical Specifications

• Delay time: 1ms - 2 seconds
• Delay buffer: 96,000 samples per channel
• Grain buffer: 8,192 samples (~170ms)
• Max grains: 16 simultaneous
• Reverb decay: Up to 10+ seconds
• Reverb highpass: 100Hz cutoff
• Chaos algorithm: Modified Lorenz attractor (sigma=7.5, rho=30.9, beta=1.02)
• Polyphony: Up to 16 channels
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Module width: 8HP

Parameter Reference

• Delay Time L: Left delay time 0.001-2.0s (default: 0.25s). CV: ±0.2s per volt.
• Delay Time R: Right delay time 0.001-2.0s (default: 0.25s). CV: ±0.2s per volt.
• Feedback: Delay feedback 0-95% (default: 30%). CV: ±10% per volt.
• Delay Chaos: Toggle chaos modulation on delay (threshold: 0.5). Modulates delay time ±0.1s and feedback ±0.1.
• Delay Wet/Dry: Wet/dry mix after delay stage 0-100% (default: 0%).
• Chaos Rate: Chaos speed. Shape OFF: 0.01-1.0 (smooth). Shape ON: 1.0-10.0 (stepped S&H at rate x10 Hz).
• Grain Size: Grain duration 0-1 (maps to 1-100ms). Default: 0.3.
• Grain Density/Glitch: Grain trigger density 0-1 (maps to 1-51 grains/sec). Default: 0.4.
• Grain Position/Chaos: Buffer read position 0-1 (0-100%). Default: 0.5.
• Grain Chaos: Toggle chaos modulation on grains (threshold: 0.5). Enables reverse playback, octave shift, position offset.
• Gratch Wet/Dry: Wet/dry mix after granular stage 0-100% (default: 0%).
• Room Size: Reverb room size 0-1 (default: 0.5). Affects early reflection tap positions, scale 0.3-1.7x.
• Damping: Reverb damping 0-1 (default: 0.4). Low = dark, high = bright. Coefficient 0.05-0.95.
• Decay: Reverb decay 0-1 (default: 0.6). Feedback 0.5-0.985. At max, near-infinite reverb tails (10+ seconds).
• Reverb Chaos: Toggle chaos modulation on reverb (threshold: 0.5). Modulates feedback ±0.5, room offset ±50-70 samples.
• Reverb Wet/Dry: Wet/dry mix after reverb stage 0-100% (default: 0%).
• Chaos Amount: Global chaos intensity multiplier 0-1 (default: 1.0).
• Chaos Shape: OFF (below 0.5) = smooth continuous chaos. ON (above 0.5) = sample-and-hold stepped chaos.

I/O Reference

• Left Audio: Stereo left audio input/output. Right normalizes to Left if disconnected. Polyphonic.
• Right Audio: Stereo right audio input/output. Polyphonic.
• Delay Time L CV: CV modulation for left delay time. ±0.2s per volt.
• Delay Time R CV: CV modulation for right delay time. ±0.2s per volt.
• Feedback CV: CV modulation for delay feedback. ±0.1 per volt.
• Grain Size CV: CV modulation for grain size. ±0.1 per volt.
• Grain Density CV: CV modulation for grain density. ±0.1 per volt.
• Grain Position CV: CV modulation for grain position. ±0.1 per volt.
• Reverb Room Size CV: CV modulation for reverb room size. ±0.1 per volt.
• Reverb Damping CV: CV modulation for reverb damping. ±0.1 per volt.
• Reverb Decay CV: CV modulation for reverb decay. ±0.1 per volt.
• Chaos CV: Chaos CV output ±5V. Polyphonic, one per channel.

Overview

Six-channel envelope-controlled VCA system developed in collaboration with offthesky. Each channel provides independent AD or AHR envelope with stereo VCA, manual gate triggers, and configurable gate outputs. Channels 1-5 can be routed to Channel 6's sum bus for submixing.

Signal Flow (per channel)

Gate → Envelope Generator → [× Audio In × Vol CV × Out Vol] → Audio Out. Gate Out derived from envelope state based on selected mode.

Envelope Behavior

• Time Range: Exponential scaling from ~1ms (knob at 0) to ~1000s (knob at 1.0). Center position: ~1s.
• Minimum Time: Clamped to 1ms to prevent clicks
• Curve Shape: S-curve for natural-sounding transitions
• Attack Phase: Ramps from 0 to 1 over attack time with curve applied
• Decay/Release Phase: Ramps from 1 to 0 over decay time with inverted curve

Envelope Modes

• AD Mode (HOLD off): Attack → Decay. Envelope starts on rising edge, completes full cycle regardless of gate length.
• AHR Mode (HOLD on): Attack → Hold → Release. Attack phase on rising edge, holds at peak while gate is high, release begins on gate falling edge.
• Trigger Detection: Schmitt trigger with 0.1V low / 2.0V high thresholds

Per-Channel Controls

• Attack: Attack time (0.0-1.0, exponential scaling ~1ms to ~1000s)
• Release: Release/Decay time (0.0-1.0, same scaling)
• Out Vol: Output volume multiplier (0.0-1.0, default: 0.8)
• Manual Button (pink): Momentary gate - generates 10V while pressed
• HOLD Button (pink): Toggles between AD and AHR envelope modes
• Sum Button (pink): Routes this channel's output to Channel 6 sum bus (CH1-5 only)

Per-Channel I/O

• In L: Left/mono audio input. If R is unconnected, L is copied to both channels.
• In R: Right audio input (optional)
• Gate: Trigger/gate input. Combined with manual button (max of both).
• Vol Ctrl: Volume CV (0-10V maps to 0-1 multiplier). Defaults to 1.0 if unconnected.
• Gate Out: Configurable gate/trigger output (see Gate Output Modes)
• Env Out: Raw envelope output (0-10V)
• Out L/R: Stereo VCA output = input × envelope × volCV × outVol

Gate Output Modes (via right-click menu)

• Full Cycle Gate: Output stays high (10V) from gate rising edge until envelope returns to zero. Useful for chaining sequences.
• End of Cycle Trigger: 1ms pulse when envelope completes (falls below 0.001). Useful for triggering next stage.
• Start + End Triggers: 1ms pulses at both gate rising edge AND envelope completion. Useful for clock multiplication.

Sum Bus System

• Routing: CH1-5 can route to CH6 via Sum buttons (CH6 has no sum button)
• Audio Summing: Each channel is attenuated before summing to prevent overload
• Envelope Summing: RMS-based calculation of summed channel envelopes; CH6 envelope output uses max(CH6 own envelope, RMS envelope) to preserve the larger value
• Combination: Audio sum is ADDED to CH6's own output; envelope uses max() not add
• Use Case: Submix multiple channels through CH6 for unified processing

VCA Light

• Green LED: Shows current VCA gain level (envelope × volCV × outVol)
• Brightness: Proportional to final gain multiplier

Technical Specifications

• Audio I/O: ±10V (not limited to ±5V)
• Envelope output: 0-10V unipolar
• Volume CV: 0-10V (clamped)
• Gate trigger threshold: Schmitt 0.1V/2.0V
• Gate output pulse width: 1ms (trigger modes)
• Envelope curve: Fixed k=-0.9
• Sum scaling: 0.3x per channel
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Module width: 12HP

Collaboration

• Developed in collaboration with offthesky

Parameter Reference

• Ch 1 Attack: Channel 1 attack time (0.0-1.0, exponential ~1ms to ~1000s). Default: 0.1.
• Ch 1 Release: Channel 1 release/decay time (0.0-1.0, same scaling). Default: 0.5.
• Ch 1 Out Volume: Channel 1 output volume multiplier 0-1 (default: 0.8).
• Ch 1 Manual Gate (Momentary): Channel 1 momentary gate button. Generates 10V while pressed.
• Ch 1 Sum to Ch6: Channel 1 sum bus routing toggle. Routes output to Channel 6.
• Ch 1 Env Mode (AD/AHR): Channel 1 envelope mode. Off = AD, On = AHR (Attack-Hold-Release).
• Ch 2 Attack: Channel 2 attack time.
• Ch 2 Release: Channel 2 release/decay time.
• Ch 2 Out Volume: Channel 2 output volume multiplier.
• Ch 2 Manual Gate (Momentary): Channel 2 momentary gate button.
• Ch 2 Sum to Ch6: Channel 2 sum bus routing toggle.
• Ch 2 Env Mode (AD/AHR): Channel 2 envelope mode.
• Ch 3 Attack: Channel 3 attack time.
• Ch 3 Release: Channel 3 release/decay time.
• Ch 3 Out Volume: Channel 3 output volume multiplier.
• Ch 3 Manual Gate (Momentary): Channel 3 momentary gate button.
• Ch 3 Sum to Ch6: Channel 3 sum bus routing toggle.
• Ch 3 Env Mode (AD/AHR): Channel 3 envelope mode.
• Ch 4 Attack: Channel 4 attack time.
• Ch 4 Release: Channel 4 release/decay time.
• Ch 4 Out Volume: Channel 4 output volume multiplier.
• Ch 4 Manual Gate (Momentary): Channel 4 momentary gate button.
• Ch 4 Sum to Ch6: Channel 4 sum bus routing toggle.
• Ch 4 Env Mode (AD/AHR): Channel 4 envelope mode.
• Ch 5 Attack: Channel 5 attack time.
• Ch 5 Release: Channel 5 release/decay time.
• Ch 5 Out Volume: Channel 5 output volume multiplier.
• Ch 5 Manual Gate (Momentary): Channel 5 momentary gate button.
• Ch 5 Sum to Ch6: Channel 5 sum bus routing toggle.
• Ch 5 Env Mode (AD/AHR): Channel 5 envelope mode.
• Ch 6 Attack: Channel 6 attack time.
• Ch 6 Release: Channel 6 release/decay time.
• Ch 6 Out Volume: Channel 6 output volume multiplier.
• Ch 6 Manual Gate (Momentary): Channel 6 momentary gate button.
• Ch 6 Env Mode (AD/AHR): Channel 6 envelope mode.
• Gate Output Mode: Gate output behavior (right-click menu). 0=Full Cycle Gate, 1=End Trigger, 2=Start+End Triggers.

I/O Reference

• Ch 1 In L: Channel 1 left/mono audio input.
• Ch 1 In R: Channel 1 right audio input (optional, L copied if unconnected).
• Ch 1 Gate: Channel 1 gate/trigger input.
• Ch 1 Vol Ctrl: Channel 1 volume CV (0-10V).
• Ch 2 In L: Channel 2 left/mono audio input.
• Ch 2 In R: Channel 2 right audio input.
• Ch 2 Gate: Channel 2 gate/trigger input.
• Ch 2 Vol Ctrl: Channel 2 volume CV.
• Ch 3 In L: Channel 3 left/mono audio input.
• Ch 3 In R: Channel 3 right audio input.
• Ch 3 Gate: Channel 3 gate/trigger input.
• Ch 3 Vol Ctrl: Channel 3 volume CV.
• Ch 4 In L: Channel 4 left/mono audio input.
• Ch 4 In R: Channel 4 right audio input.
• Ch 4 Gate: Channel 4 gate/trigger input.
• Ch 4 Vol Ctrl: Channel 4 volume CV.
• Ch 5 In L: Channel 5 left/mono audio input.
• Ch 5 In R: Channel 5 right audio input.
• Ch 5 Gate: Channel 5 gate/trigger input.
• Ch 5 Vol Ctrl: Channel 5 volume CV.
• Ch 6 In L: Channel 6 left/mono audio input.
• Ch 6 In R: Channel 6 right audio input.
• Ch 6 Gate: Channel 6 gate/trigger input.
• Ch 6 Vol Ctrl: Channel 6 volume CV.
• Ch 1 Gate: Channel 1 gate/trigger output (mode-dependent).
• Ch 1 Envelope: Channel 1 envelope output (0-10V).
• Ch 1 Out L: Channel 1 left audio output.
• Ch 1 Out R: Channel 1 right audio output.
• Ch 2 Gate: Channel 2 gate/trigger output.
• Ch 2 Envelope: Channel 2 envelope output.
• Ch 2 Out L: Channel 2 left audio output.
• Ch 2 Out R: Channel 2 right audio output.
• Ch 3 Gate: Channel 3 gate/trigger output.
• Ch 3 Envelope: Channel 3 envelope output.
• Ch 3 Out L: Channel 3 left audio output.
• Ch 3 Out R: Channel 3 right audio output.
• Ch 4 Gate: Channel 4 gate/trigger output.
• Ch 4 Envelope: Channel 4 envelope output.
• Ch 4 Out L: Channel 4 left audio output.
• Ch 4 Out R: Channel 4 right audio output.
• Ch 5 Gate: Channel 5 gate/trigger output.
• Ch 5 Envelope: Channel 5 envelope output.
• Ch 5 Out L: Channel 5 left audio output.
• Ch 5 Out R: Channel 5 right audio output.
• Ch 6 Gate: Channel 6 gate/trigger output.
• Ch 6 Envelope / Sum Envelope: Channel 6 envelope output / sum envelope.
• Ch 6 Out L / Sum L: Channel 6 left audio output / sum left.
• Ch 6 Out R / Sum R: Channel 6 right audio output / sum right.

Overview

Stereo delay processor with Lorenz attractor chaos modulation. Part of the Alien trilogy effects series (Runner, Facehugger, Ovomorph). Features independent left/right delay times, feedback control, and chaos-driven parameter modulation. Designed to work with YAMANOTE for send/return routing.

Signal Flow

Input → Delay Buffer → [Chaos Modulation] → Wet/Dry Mix → Output. Delay times and feedback can be modulated by the internal Lorenz chaos generator for organic, evolving delay textures.

Delay Parameters

• Time L: Left channel delay time (1ms-2s, default: 250ms). CV adds ±200ms.
• Time R: Right channel delay time (1ms-2s, default: 250ms). CV adds ±200ms.
• Feedback: Feedback amount (0-95%, default: 30%). CV adds ±10%.
• Mix: Wet/dry balance (0-100%, default: 50%). CV adds ±10%.

Chaos Generator

• Algorithm: Lorenz strange attractor differential equations
• Chaos: Modulation depth (0-100%, default: 0%). Controls how much chaos affects delay time and feedback.
• Rate: Chaos evolution speed (0.01-2.0x, default: 0.5x). Higher = faster parameter changes.
• Effect on Delay: Time ±100ms, Feedback ±10%

Sample & Hold

• S&H Output: Stepped chaos signal sampled at RATE × 10 Hz
• Range: 0-5V CV output
• Use: External modulation source with quantized, stepped behavior

Auto-Patch with YAMANOTE

• Detection: When placed directly right of YAMANOTE, auto-connects to send/return
• Channel Selection: Uses Channel A if single effect, Channel B if part of chain
• Chain Support: Multiple effects (Runner, Facehugger, Ovomorph) auto-distribute across channels

Inputs

• Left Audio: Left stereo input
• Right Audio: Right stereo input (normalizes to Left if disconnected)
• Time L CV: Left delay time modulation
• Time R CV: Right delay time modulation
• Feedback CV: Feedback modulation
• Mix CV: Wet/dry modulation
• Chaos CV: Chaos depth modulation
• Rate CV: Chaos speed modulation

Outputs

• Left Audio: Left processed output (polyphonic)
• Right Audio: Right processed output (polyphonic)
• Chaos CV: Raw chaos signal 0-5V (polyphonic)
• Sample & Hold CV: Sample-and-hold chaos 0-5V (polyphonic)

Technical Specifications

• Module width: 4HP
• Delay buffer: 96,000 samples per channel (~2s at 48kHz)
• Delay time range: 1ms - 2 seconds
• Feedback range: 0-95%
• Chaos algorithm: Lorenz attractor
• Polyphony: Up to 16 channels
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Sample & Hold CV: Sample & Hold output from Chaos section. Samples random values at Chaos Rate, with slew limiting.

Overview

Granular processor with Lorenz attractor chaos modulation. Part of the Alien trilogy effects series (Runner, Facehugger, Ovomorph). Features grain size, density, and position controls with chaos-driven parameter modulation. Designed to work with YAMANOTE for send/return routing.

Signal Flow

Input → Grain Buffer → Grain Playback → [Chaos Modulation] → Wet/Dry Mix → Output. Audio is continuously written to a circular buffer. Grains read from this buffer with independent playback positions, creating time-stretched and textural effects.

Granular Parameters

• Size: Grain duration (1-100ms, default: 30%). Small = glitchy textures, large = smooth time-stretch.
• Break: Grain density/trigger rate (0-100%, default: 40%). 0 = sparse grains, 100% = up to 51 grains/second.
• Shift: Buffer read position offset (0-100%, default: 50%). Controls where in the buffer grains start playback.
• Mix: Wet/dry balance (0-100%, default: 50%). CV adds ±10%.

Grain Engine

• Max Grains: 16 simultaneous grains
• Buffer Size: 8,192 samples (~170ms at 48kHz)
• Envelope: Raised cosine (Hanning) window for smooth crossfades
• Output Normalization: Amplitude scales with active grain count to prevent clipping

Chaos Generator

• Algorithm: Lorenz strange attractor differential equations
• Chaos: Modulation depth (0-100%, default: 0%). Controls chaos effects on granular parameters.
• Rate: Chaos evolution speed (0.01-2.0x, default: 0.5x). Higher = faster parameter changes.
• Chaos Effects: Position ±20 samples, 30% chance reverse playback, 20% chance octave shift (0.5× or 2×)

Sample & Hold

• S&H Output: Stepped chaos signal sampled at RATE × 10 Hz
• Range: 0-5V CV output
• Use: External modulation source with quantized, stepped behavior

Auto-Patch with YAMANOTE

• Detection: When placed directly right of YAMANOTE, auto-connects to send/return
• Channel Selection: Uses Channel A if single effect, Channel B if part of chain
• Chain Support: Multiple effects (Runner, Facehugger, Ovomorph) auto-distribute across channels

Inputs

• Left Audio: Left stereo input
• Right Audio: Right stereo input (normalizes to Left if disconnected)
• Size CV: Grain size modulation
• Break CV: Grain density modulation
• Shift CV: Buffer position modulation
• Mix CV: Wet/dry modulation
• Chaos CV: Chaos depth modulation
• Rate CV: Chaos speed modulation

Outputs

• Left Audio: Left processed output (polyphonic)
• Right Audio: Right processed output (polyphonic)
• Chaos CV: Raw chaos signal 0-5V (polyphonic)
• Sample & Hold CV: Sample-and-hold chaos 0-5V (polyphonic)

Technical Specifications

• Module width: 4HP
• Grain buffer: 8,192 samples (~170ms at 48kHz)
• Max grains: 16 simultaneous
• Grain envelope: Hanning window
• Chaos algorithm: Lorenz attractor
• Polyphony: Up to 16 channels
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Sample & Hold CV: Sample & Hold output from Chaos section. Samples random values at Chaos Rate, with slew limiting.

Overview

Stereo reverb processor with Lorenz attractor chaos modulation. Part of the Alien trilogy effects series (Runner, Facehugger, Ovomorph). Features Freeverb-style algorithm with room size, tone, and decay controls. Chaos modulation creates organic, evolving reverb textures. Designed to work with YAMANOTE for send/return routing.

Signal Flow

Input → Comb Filters → Allpass Diffusers → [Chaos Modulation] → Wet/Dry Mix → Output. Left and right channels are processed independently with slightly different delay times to create stereo width.

Reverb Parameters

• Room: Room size (0-100%, default: 50%). Affects early reflection tap positions. Scale: 0.3-1.7×
• Tone: Damping coefficient (0-100%, default: 40%). Low = dark, warm sound. High = bright, open sound.
• Decay: Feedback amount (0-100%, default: 60%). At maximum, near-infinite reverb tails (10+ seconds).
• Mix: Wet/dry balance (0-100%, default: 50%). CV adds ±10%.

Reverb Architecture

• Algorithm: Freeverb-style with 8 parallel comb filters + 4 series allpass diffusers
• Comb Filters (L): 1557, 1617, 1491, 1422 samples (~30-34ms at 48kHz)
• Comb Filters (R): 1277, 1356, 1188, 1116 samples (~23-28ms at 48kHz)
• Allpass Sizes: 556, 441, 341, 225 samples
• Highpass Filter: 100Hz cutoff removes sub-bass buildup

Chaos Generator

• Algorithm: Lorenz strange attractor differential equations
• Chaos: Modulation depth (0-100%, default: 0%). Controls chaos effects on reverb parameters.
• Rate: Chaos evolution speed (0.01-2.0x, default: 0.5x). Higher = faster parameter changes.
• Chaos Effects: Feedback ±0.5, room offset ±50-70 samples

Sample & Hold

• S&H Output: Stepped chaos signal sampled at RATE × 10 Hz
• Range: 0-5V CV output
• Use: External modulation source with quantized, stepped behavior

Auto-Patch with YAMANOTE

• Detection: When placed directly right of YAMANOTE, auto-connects to send/return
• Channel Selection: Uses Channel A if single effect, Channel B if part of chain
• Chain Support: Multiple effects (Runner, Facehugger, Ovomorph) auto-distribute across channels

Inputs

• L/R Audio: Stereo input (R normalizes to L if disconnected)
• ROOM CV: Room size modulation
• TONE CV: Damping modulation
• DECAY CV: Decay time modulation
• MIX CV: Wet/dry modulation
• CHAOS CV: Chaos depth modulation
• RATE CV: Chaos speed modulation

Outputs

• L/R Audio: Stereo processed output (polyphonic)
• Chaos: Raw chaos signal 0-5V (polyphonic)
• S&H: Sample-and-hold chaos 0-5V (polyphonic)

Technical Specifications

• Module width: 4HP
• Reverb algorithm: Freeverb-style
• Comb filters: 8 parallel (4 per channel)
• Allpass diffusers: 4 series
• Reverb decay: Up to 10+ seconds
• Highpass filter: 100Hz cutoff
• Chaos algorithm: Lorenz attractor
• Polyphony: Up to 16 channels
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Left Audio: Stereo audio left channel input/output. Input feeds the reverb processor; output delivers the processed signal.
• Right Audio: Stereo audio right channel input/output. Input feeds the reverb processor; output delivers the processed signal.
• Sample & Hold CV: Sample & Hold output from Chaos section. Samples random values at Chaos Rate, with slew limiting.

Overview

8-to-2 binaural processor using synthesized HRTF (Head-Related Transfer Function) to convert 8-channel spatial audio into stereo headphone output. Part of the Pyramid Series - designed to receive spatial audio from Pyramid or DECAPyramid 8-speaker outputs. Implements ITD (Interaural Time Difference), ILD (Interaural Level Difference), distance-based filtering, elevation spectral shaping, and reverb simulation.

Signal Flow

Per-channel: Input → [ITD Delay] → [Distance Filter] → [Elevation Filter] → [Reverb Mix] → [HRTF Gain] → Sum to L/R.

ITD (Interaural Time Difference)

• Head Width: 0.18m (18cm anthropometric model)
• Sound Speed: 343 m/s (at sea level, 20°C)
• ITD Calculation: Delay based on head width divided by sound speed, scaled by azimuth sine
• Sample Delay: ITD converted to samples at current sample rate
• Delay Buffer: 128 samples per ear per channel (circular buffer)
• Application: Positive azimuth delays left ear, negative azimuth delays right ear

ILD (Interaural Level Difference)

• Azimuth Effect: Sources on opposite side attenuated up to 80%
• Same-Side Boost: Sources on same side boosted up to 30%
• Head Shadow: Rear sources (|azimuth| > 90°) attenuated by 40%
• Elevation Effect: Above horizon boosted up to 80%, below horizon attenuated up to 70%
• Distance Attenuation: Inverse-square law with offset for smooth falloff
• Final Gain: Clamped to range 0.1 to 1.5

Distance Filtering

• Type: Lowpass biquad filter per channel per ear
• Cutoff Behavior: Higher frequencies attenuated with increasing distance
• Range: 1kHz to 20kHz (clamped)
• Q Factor: 0.8
• Purpose: Simulates high-frequency attenuation over distance (air absorption)

Elevation Filtering

• Above Horizon (elevation > 0): Peak filter at 8kHz + elevation×40Hz, gain 2.0, Q=1.5. Boosts high frequencies for "above" perception.
• Below Horizon (elevation < 0): Lowpass filter at 7kHz - |elevation|×30Hz, gain 0.3, Q=2.0. Attenuates highs for "below" perception.
• Purpose: Simulates pinna filtering based on vertical angle

Reverb Simulation

• Type: Highpass filter at 3kHz, Q=0.7
• Gain: Increases with distance (base 0.1 plus distance scaling)
• Mix: Proportional to distance (distant sources have more reverb)
• Purpose: Distant sources have more high-frequency reverb content

Speaker Configuration

• Input 1: FL Upper (azimuth -45°, elevation +30°, distance 0.5)
• Input 2: FR Upper (azimuth +45°, elevation +30°, distance 0.5)
• Input 3: BL Upper (azimuth -135°, elevation +30°, distance 2.0)
• Input 4: BR Upper (azimuth +135°, elevation +30°, distance 2.0)
• Input 5: FL Lower (azimuth -45°, elevation -30°, distance 0.5)
• Input 6: FR Lower (azimuth +45°, elevation -30°, distance 0.5)
• Input 7: BL Lower (azimuth -135°, elevation -30°, distance 2.0)
• Input 8: BR Lower (azimuth +135°, elevation -30°, distance 2.0)

Controls

• Level: Master output level (0.0 to 1.0, default: 0.7). Applied after all HRTF processing.

Gain Smoothing

• Coefficient: 0.001 per sample
• Behavior: Exponential smoothing with 0.001 coefficient per sample
• Purpose: Prevents clicks when input connections change

I/O

• 1: Input 1 - FL Upper spatial audio from Pyramid or DECAPyramid
• 2: Input 2 - FR Upper spatial audio
• 3: Input 3 - BL Upper spatial audio
• 4: Input 4 - BR Upper spatial audio
• 5: Input 5 - FL Lower spatial audio
• 6: Input 6 - FR Lower spatial audio
• 7: Input 7 - BL Lower spatial audio
• 8: Input 8 - BR Lower spatial audio
• Left: Left ear binaural output
• Right: Right ear binaural output

Technical Specifications

• Input/Output voltage: ±10V
• Head model: 18cm width (anthropometric average)
• ITD delay buffer: 128 samples per ear per channel
• Filters per channel: 3 biquads (distance, elevation, reverb)
• Gain smoothing: 0.001 coefficient
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Module width: 4HP

Related Modules

• Pyramid: Single-source 3D panner with 8 outputs
• DECAPyramid: 8-channel 3D mixer with 8 outputs

Overview

Single-source 3D spatial panner using Vector Base Amplitude Panning (VBAP) to position audio in a virtual 8-speaker cube. Part of the Pyramid Series alongside DECAPyramid (8-channel mixer) and KEN (binaural processor). Features full CV control for all axes, bipolar filtering with cascaded biquads, and send/return for external effects.

VBAP Spatial Behavior

Identical algorithm to DECAPyramid, positioning audio within a virtual cube of 8 speakers.

• Speaker Positions: 8 corners at coordinates (±1.0, ±1.0, ±1.0)
• Distance Calculation: Speaker gain is based on distance from source to each speaker position in 3D space
• Gain Response: Closer speakers receive more signal; gain decreases non-linearly with distance for natural spatial perception
• Edge Fade-Out: When source position exceeds ±0.8 on any axis, opposite speakers are smoothly faded to prevent artifacts
• Normalization: Total output power is kept constant regardless of source position

Signal Flow

Input → [Level] → [Filter] → [VBAP to 8 speakers] → Outputs. Return signals are mixed into outputs weighted by VBAP gains (L to even outputs, R to odd outputs).

Position Controls

• X Position: Left-right positioning (-1.0 to +1.0, default: 0). CV adds ±10V × 0.2 = ±2.0 range, clamped to ±1.0.
• Y Position: Front-back positioning (-1.0 to +1.0, default: 0). Front speakers at Y=-1, back at Y=+1.
• Z Position: Up-down positioning (-1.0 to +1.0, default: 0). Lower speakers at Z=-1, upper at Z=+1.

Filter Implementation

• Topology: 2-stage cascaded biquad (24dB/octave slope)
• Q Factor: Fixed at 0.707 (Butterworth response)
• Smoothing: Filter parameter smoothed with coefficient 0.002 to prevent zipper noise
• Negative Values (Lowpass): Frequency from 20Hz (filter=-1.0) to 22kHz (filter=0)
• Positive Values (Highpass): Frequency from 10Hz (filter=0) to 8kHz (filter=+1.0)
• Deadband: Filter bypassed when |filter| < 0.001

Level and Send Controls

• Level: Channel volume (0.0 to 1.0, default: 0.7). Applied before filtering.
• Send: Effect send level (0.0 to 1.0, default: 0). Output is post-level unless Send Pre-Level is enabled.

3D Visualization Display

• Projection: 30° isometric view of the speaker cube
• Speaker Indicators: Numbered circles (1-8) at cube corners scaled to 60% of actual positions
• Source Indicator: Yellow filled circle at current XYZ position
• Cube Edges: 12 edge lines connecting all speaker positions

I/O

• Audio: Mono audio input (±10V)
• X CV: X position modulation (±10V × 0.2 = ±2.0 offset, clamped to ±1.0)
• Y CV: Y position modulation (±10V × 0.2 = ±2.0 offset, clamped to ±1.0)
• Z CV: Z position modulation (±10V × 0.2 = ±2.0 offset, clamped to ±1.0)
• Filter CV: Filter modulation (±10V × 0.2 = ±2.0 offset, clamped to ±1.0)
• Filter: Bipolar filter control (-1.0 to +1.0, default: 0). Negative = lowpass, positive = highpass.
• Send: Effect send output / send level (0-100%, default: 0%)
• Return L: Left return input, mixed into even outputs weighted by VBAP gains
• Return R: Right return input, mixed into odd outputs weighted by VBAP gains
• 1: Output 1 - FL Upper speaker
• 2: Output 2 - FR Upper speaker
• 3: Output 3 - BL Upper speaker
• 4: Output 4 - BR Upper speaker
• 5: Output 5 - FL Lower speaker
• 6: Output 6 - FR Lower speaker
• 7: Output 7 - BL Lower speaker
• 8: Output 8 - BR Lower speaker

Technical Specifications

• Input/Output voltage: ±10V
• Spatial algorithm: VBAP with edge fade-out
• Filter: 2-stage cascaded biquad, 24dB/octave, Q=0.707
• Filter smoothing: 0.002 coefficient per sample
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Module width: 8HP

Related Modules

• DECAPyramid: 8-channel 3D mixer (same VBAP algorithm, multiple sources)
• KEN: 8-to-2 binaural processor (converts 8-channel output to headphones)

Right-Click Menu

• Panel Theme: Light / Dark panel appearance
• Send Pre-Level: When enabled, send output taps signal before level fader. Default: OFF (post-fader).

Overview

24-note (2-octave) chromatic quantizer with per-note microtune control, 28 world tuning presets, and 3 directional presets. Features automatic pitch direction detection for ascending/descending scale differences used in Raga, Makam, and Miyako-bushi scales.

Signal Flow

CV Input → [+ Offset + Offset CV] → [× Amount] → [Direction Detection] → [Quantize to enabled notes] → [+ Microtune] → CV Output. Three independent polyphonic channels with direction-aware quantization.

Two-Octave System

• 24 Notes: Two complete octaves for independent upper/lower octave tuning
• 24 Microtune Sliders: Per-note tuning (±50 cents) for both octaves
• 2-Oct Presets: Marked with (2-Oct) - Arabic Maqam, Turkish Makam, Persian Dastgah, Indian Raga, Japanese scales
• Single-Octave Presets: Automatically mirror to both octaves

Direction Detection

• Algorithm: Compares current note with previous note
• Threshold: ±0.5 semitones to avoid quantization jitter
• Directional Presets (↑↓): Turkish Rast, Arabic Hijaz, Miyako-bushi
• Usage: Ascending melodies use upper octave tuning, descending use lower octave

Controls

• Scale: Pitch multiplier (0-2, default: 1). Values <1 compress, >1 expand
• Pre-offset: Pre-quantization pitch offset (±12 semitones displayed, raw ±1V)
• Microtune: Per-note tuning sliders (±50 cents) for all 24 notes across 2 octaves

World Tuning Presets (28 total)

• Western (4): Equal Temperament, Just Intonation, Pythagorean, Quarter-tone
• Arabic Maqam (6): Rast, Bayati, Hijaz, Saba, Nahawand, Kurd - all 2-Oct
• Turkish Makam (4): Rast, Ussak, Hicaz, Segah - all 2-Oct
• Persian (2): Dastgah Shur, Dastgah Segah - all 2-Oct
• Indian (4): Shruti, Raga Bhairav, Yaman, Bhairavi - all 2-Oct
• Japanese (4): Gagaku, In Scale, Yo Scale, Ryukyu - all 2-Oct
• Southeast Asian (3): Slendro, Pelog, Thai 7-TET
• Chinese (1): Pentatonic

Directional Presets (3)

• Turkish Rast (↑↓): F# ascending, F natural descending
• Arabic Hijaz (↑↓): Different intervals for melodic direction
• Miyako-bushi (↑↓): 6th degree changes with direction (D↑, C↓)

Scale Presets (16 total)

• Chromatic: All 24 notes enabled
• Major/Minor: Ionian, Aeolian modes
• Pentatonic: Major, Minor (5 notes)
• Modes: Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Locrian
• Triads: Major (C-E-G), Minor (C-Eb-G)
• World: Blues, Arabic, Japanese, Whole Tone

I/O

• CV1: Pitch CV input 1 (polyphonic, 16 ch)
• CV2: Pitch CV input 2 (polyphonic, 16 ch)
• CV3: Pitch CV input 3 (polyphonic, 16 ch)
• Pitch: Quantized output 1
• Pitch 2: Quantized output 2
• Pitch 3: Quantized output 3
• Scale CV: Modulates pitch multiplier
• Offset CV: Modulates pre-quantization offset

Technical Specifications

• CV input/output: 1V/octave standard
• Polyphony: Up to 16 channels per input
• Note range: 24 notes (2 octaves)
• Microtune range: ±50 cents per note
• Tuning presets: 28 world + 3 directional
• Direction threshold: ±0.5 semitones
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Module width: 4HP

Overview

Show timing and performance sequencer developed in collaboration with jan0ritter. Combines real-time clock counting, multiple timer systems, and variable-length bar sequencing with morphable waveform generation. Uses C++ chrono library for high-precision elapsed time tracking. Designed for live performance timing with visual progress tracking and precise trigger generation.

Transport Controls

• Start/Stop: Toggle via button or CV. Starts/stops elapsed time counting.
• Reset: Resets all counters (clockCount, currentBar, quarter_notes, eighth_notes, sixteenth_notes)
• Clock Input: External clock assumed to be 16th notes. 4 clocks = 1 beat, 16 clocks = 1 bar default.

Waveform Generation

• 5 Base Waveforms: Attack (ramp up, instant drop), Triangle (symmetric), Decay (instant rise, ramp down), Sine (half-wave), Square (sustain at 10V)
• Attack: Linear ramp from 0V to 10V over 99% of phase, then drops to 0V
• Triangle: Rises from 0V to 10V in first half, falls back to 0V in second half
• Decay: Starts at 10V, then linear ramp down to 0V over 99% of phase
• Sine: Half-wave sine shape, 0-10V unipolar
• Square: Sustains at 10V for entire duration
• Morphing: Linear interpolation between adjacent waveforms. Morph 0-1: Attack↔Triangle, 1-2: Triangle↔Decay, 2-3: Decay↔Sine, 3-4: Sine↔Square

Timer Controls

• Pulse Width: 1-99%, determines waveform duration as percentage of interval
• Waveform: 0-4 snapped value selecting/morphing between shapes
• Bar 1-4: Each bar length 1-16 clocks (integer snap). Total cycle = sum of all 4 bar lengths.
• Timer Max: Adjustable maximum for the 5Min progress bar (1-60 minutes, default: 5). Draggable yellow line on first bar.

Interval Timers

• 5Min Timer: Triggers every 5 minutes until 30 minutes elapsed (5 triggers total)
• 1Min Timer: Triggers every 1 minute until 15 minutes elapsed (15 triggers total)
• Duration: Waveform length equals pulse width percentage of interval
• Phase: Advances proportionally each sample, resets when complete

Bar Cycle Logic

• Cycle Position: Current position wraps within total cycle length
• Bar Detection: Compares clocksInCycle against cumulative bar lengths
• Transition Trigger: Waveform triggered when currentBarInCycle changes
• Clock Interval Tracking: Measures time between clocks for adaptive pulse width

Visual Display

• Time Code: M:SS:CC format. Minutes limited to 0-999 (3 digits).
• Bar:Beat:Tick: BBB:B:T format. Beat = (clockCount/4) % 4 + 1, Tick = clockCount % 4 + 1
• Beat LED: Full brightness on beat, then fades smoothly
• 6 Progress Bars: 5m (6 segments, max adjustable via Timer Max 1-60 min), 1m (15 segments), Bar 1-4 (4 segments each)

Technical Specifications

• Module width: 12HP
• Clock detection: SchmittTrigger
• Time precision: chrono::steady_clock
• Output range: 0-10V unipolar
• Bar length: 1-16 clocks (integer snap)
• Timer Max: 1-60 minutes (integer snap, default: 5)
• Waveform morph: Continuous 0.0-4.0
• State persistence: running, clockCount, currentBar, elapsedSeconds saved to JSON

Parameter Reference

• Reset: Reset button. Resets all counters and timers to zero.
• Start/Stop: Toggle button. Starts or stops elapsed time counting.
• Pulse Width (Bar %): Waveform duration as percentage of interval 1-99% (default: 10%).
• Waveform: Selects waveform shape 0-4 (snap). Attack, Triangle, Decay, Sine, Square.
• Bar 1 Length: Bar 1 clock count 1-16 (integer snap, default: 16).
• Bar 2 Length: Bar 2 clock count 1-16 (integer snap, default: 16).
• Bar 3 Length: Bar 3 clock count 1-16 (integer snap, default: 16).
• Bar 4 Length: Bar 4 clock count 1-16 (integer snap, default: 16).
• Timer Max: Maximum minutes for 5Min progress bar 1-60 (integer snap, default: 5). Draggable yellow line.

I/O Reference

• Clock: External clock input (assumed 16th notes). 4 clocks = 1 beat.
• Reset: Reset CV trigger input.
• Start/Stop: Start/Stop CV trigger input.
• 5Min Timer: Triggers waveform every 5 minutes until 30 minutes elapsed (0-10V).
• 1Min Timer: Triggers waveform every 1 minute until 15 minutes elapsed (0-10V).
• Bar 1 Timer: Waveform output triggered at start of Bar 1 (0-10V).
• Bar 2 Timer: Waveform output triggered at start of Bar 2 (0-10V).
• Bar 3 Timer: Waveform output triggered at start of Bar 3 (0-10V).
• Bar 4 Timer: Waveform output triggered at start of Bar 4 (0-10V).

Overview

8-track waveform oscilloscope based on VCV Scope architecture, optimized for visual signal monitoring with color-matched waveforms. Each track automatically adopts the color of its connected cable, making it easy to identify and compare multiple signals simultaneously. Features adjustable time base with logarithmic scaling and optional trigger synchronization.

Display Architecture

• Buffer Size: 256 samples per track (SCOPE_BUFFER_SIZE constant)
• Waveform Rendering: Anti-aliased line drawing with 1.5px stroke width
• Y-axis Scaling: ±10V mapped to display height with -0.05 multiplier (voltage × -0.05 + 0.5)
• Color Source: Reads cable color from input port connection via PortWidget API
• Frame Rate: Waveform updates at display refresh rate (typically 60Hz)

Time Base Control

• Range: 5ms to 50,000ms (50s) per screen width
• Scaling: Base-2 logarithmic curve from 5ms to 50,000ms
• Samples per Buffer: Derived from time base and sample rate
• Interaction: Click and drag vertically on display to adjust time base

Trigger System

• Trigger Source: First connected input (lowest numbered track with cable)
• Trigger Mode Toggle: Click LED to switch between free-running and triggered
• Triggered (White LED): Waits for rising edge using rescale(voltage, 0, 0.001, 0, 1) with Schmitt trigger
• Free-Running (Pink LED): Continuous waveform display without synchronization
• Threshold: Schmitt trigger with rescale from 0V-0.001V to 0-1 range (triggers when voltage rises above 0.001V)
• Holdoff: Buffer refills completely after each trigger before waiting for next

Signal Processing

• Input Handling: Reads first channel of polyphonic inputs (channel 0)
• Sample Decimation: At longer time bases, samples are decimated to fit buffer
• Buffer Write: Circular buffer with frame index tracking
• Display Mapping: Buffer index 0-255 mapped to display X coordinates

Inputs

• Track 1: Top row input 1 (leftmost). Waveform color matches connected cable.
• Track 2: Top row input 2. Waveform color matches connected cable.
• Track 3: Top row input 3. Waveform color matches connected cable.
• Track 4: Top row input 4 (rightmost). Waveform color matches connected cable.
• Track 5: Bottom row input 1 (leftmost). Waveform color matches connected cable.
• Track 6: Bottom row input 2. Waveform color matches connected cable.
• Track 7: Bottom row input 3. Waveform color matches connected cable.
• Track 8: Bottom row input 4 (rightmost). Waveform color matches connected cable.
• Time: Hidden time base control (click and drag on display). Range: 5ms to 50,000ms per screen width, logarithmic scaling.
• Trigger: Click LED to toggle trigger mode. Enabled (white LED) = waits for rising edge; Disabled (pink LED) = free-running display.
• Input Priority: First connected input (lowest track number) becomes trigger source when trigger mode is enabled.
• Polyphonic Handling: Only channel 0 is displayed for polyphonic inputs.

Visual Features

• Cable Color Matching: Waveform color automatically matches the connected cable color using VCV's cable color API
• Grid Lines: Horizontal center line at 0V, vertical divisions at regular intervals
• Trigger LED: Top-right indicator showing trigger mode (white = triggered, pink = free-running)
• Dark Background: High contrast display optimized for waveform visibility

Technical Specifications

• Input voltage range: ±10V (soft clipped at display bounds)
• Input channels: 8 mono inputs (polyphonic inputs show channel 0 only)
• Buffer size: 256 samples per track
• Time scale: 5ms to 50,000ms (50s) per screen (logarithmic control)
• Trigger threshold: rescale 0V-0.001V via Schmitt trigger (rising edge)
• Display update: Synchronized to GUI frame rate
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Module width: 8HP

Implementation Notes

• Based on: VCV Scope module architecture
• Key Difference: Multiple simultaneous tracks with automatic cable color matching
• Performance: Optimized for minimal CPU usage with frame-rate-limited display updates

Overview

Compact 4-track waveform oscilloscope with 8 inputs designed for signal comparison. Two inputs are overlaid on each display track, with waveforms automatically adopting connected cable colors for intuitive visual comparison. Ideal for comparing original vs processed signals or envelope vs audio relationships.

Display Architecture

• Display Size: 120 × 300 pixels, divided into 4 horizontal tracks
• Track Height: 75 pixels per track (300 ÷ 4)
• Buffer Size: 256 samples per track (SCOPE_BUFFER_SIZE constant)
• Sample Storage: Min/max structure captures signal extremes for accurate representation at any zoom level
• Rendering: Anti-aliased lines at 1.5px stroke width, round line caps

Track Layout (Overlapped Pairs)

• Track 1 (Top): Input 1 + Input 5 overlaid
• Track 2: Input 2 + Input 6 overlaid
• Track 3: Input 3 + Input 7 overlaid
• Track 4 (Bottom): Input 4 + Input 8 overlaid
• Use Case: Compare dry/wet pairs, envelope/audio pairs, or L/R stereo pairs

Time Base Control

• Range: 5ms to 50,000ms (50s) per screen width
• Scaling: Base-2 logarithmic curve from 50,000ms to 5ms
• Frame Calculation: Samples per buffer entry derived from time delta and sample rate
• Interaction: Click and drag vertically on display area to adjust time scale
• Hidden Knob: Uses HiddenTimeKnobObserver widget covering display area

Trigger System

• Trigger Source: First connected input (lowest numbered with cable attached)
• Toggle Button: Clickable LED switches between triggered and free-running modes
• Triggered (White LED): Waits for rising edge using rescale(voltage, 0, 0.001, 0, 1) before capturing
• Free-Running (Pink LED): Continuous waveform display, buffer fills then refreshes
• Schmitt Trigger: Uses rescale(voltage, 0, 0.001, 0, 1) for edge detection with hysteresis
• Holdoff: After trigger, fills complete buffer (256 samples) before waiting for next trigger

Signal Processing

• Min/Max Tracking: Each frame tracks both minimum and maximum voltage for accurate peak display
• Sample Decimation: At longer time bases, multiple samples are accumulated per buffer entry
• Y-axis Mapping: ±10V scaled to display height, 0V centered
• Grid Lines: Horizontal track dividers and center lines drawn at 0V per track

Cable Color Matching

• Implementation: Reads cable color from PortWidget via APP->scene->rack->getTopCable()
• Default Color: White if no cable connected or color unavailable
• Per-Input Colors: Each of the 8 inputs has independent color matching
• Visual Benefit: Easy identification of which waveform corresponds to which signal source

Inputs

• Track 1: Top row input 1 (leftmost). Overlaid on display track 1.
• Track 2: Top row input 2. Overlaid on display track 2.
• Track 3: Top row input 3. Overlaid on display track 3.
• Track 4: Top row input 4 (rightmost). Overlaid on display track 4.
• Track 5: Bottom row input 1 (leftmost). Overlaid on display track 1 with Track 1.
• Track 6: Bottom row input 2. Overlaid on display track 2 with Track 2.
• Track 7: Bottom row input 3. Overlaid on display track 3 with Track 3.
• Track 8: Bottom row input 4 (rightmost). Overlaid on display track 4 with Track 4.
• Time: Hidden time base control (click and drag on display). Range: 5ms to 50,000ms per screen width, logarithmic scaling.
• Trigger: Click LED to toggle trigger mode. Enabled (white LED) = waits for rising edge; Disabled (pink LED) = free-running display.
• Polyphonic: Displays channel 0 only for polyphonic inputs

Technical Specifications

• Input voltage range: ±10V (soft clipped at display bounds)
• Input channels: 8 mono inputs (polyphonic inputs show channel 0 only)
• Display tracks: 4 (with 2 overlaid waveforms each)
• Buffer size: 256 samples per track
• Time scale: 5ms to 50,000ms (50s) per screen (logarithmic control)
• Trigger threshold: rescale 0V-0.001V via Schmitt trigger (rising edge)
• Display update: Synchronized to GUI frame rate
• Processing: 32-bit floating point
• Module width: 8HP

Parameter Reference

• Time: Hidden time base control (click and drag on display). Range: 5ms to 50,000ms per screen width, logarithmic scaling.
• Trigger: Toggle trigger mode button. Enabled (white LED) = waits for rising edge; Disabled (pink LED) = free-running display. Default: Disabled.
• Track 1: Top row input 1 (leftmost). Displayed on oscilloscope track 1.
• Track 2: Top row input 2. Displayed on oscilloscope track 2.
• Track 3: Top row input 3. Displayed on oscilloscope track 3.
• Track 4: Top row input 4 (rightmost). Displayed on oscilloscope track 4.
• Track 5: Bottom row input 1 (leftmost). Overlaid on oscilloscope track 1 with Track 1.
• Track 6: Bottom row input 2. Overlaid on oscilloscope track 2 with Track 2.
• Track 7: Bottom row input 3. Overlaid on oscilloscope track 3 with Track 3.
• Track 8: Bottom row input 4 (rightmost). Overlaid on oscilloscope track 4 with Track 4.